World History 世界歷史
A CHRONOLOGY FROM THE 16th TO THE 21st CENTURIES
NOTES
1. This chronology excludes Hong Kong events. For those, see the separate files on Hong Kong LGBT history, literature, theatre, cinema, music and media.
2. Abbreviations:
b – born
bf – boy friend
d – died
3. Bold type indicates legislative changes or issues.
16TH CENTURY
1500 Benvenuto Cellini b.
1501 Michelangelo starts David.
1503 Pier Luigi Farnese, 1st Duke of Parma and Piacenza, illegitimate son of Pope Paul III, and Benedetto Varchi b.
1504 Michelangelo finishes David.
1513 Pope Julius II (Giuliano Della Rovere) d.
1517 (or 1519) Cardinal Carlo Carafa b.
1519 Leonardo da Vinci d.
1522 Margherita d’Austria (di Parma) b.
1526 Marc-Antoine Muret b.
1533 Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de Montaigne b. The Law of 25 Henry VIII of England on buggery.
1535 Cromwell’s monastic inquisitors find buggery in Garendon in Leicestershire and Chertsey in Surrey. Woman in France punished for transvestism and use of dildo.
1536 The Law of 25 Henry VIII of England on buggery re-enacted.
1537 Pier Luigi Farnese, 1st Duke of Parma and Piacenza, accused of rape of 24 year old Bishop of Fano, Cosimo Gheri, who d. 40 days later.
1538 Scandal of Margherita d’Austria’s refusal to bed her husband, Ottavio Farnese.
1539 The Law of 25 Henry VIII of England on buggery re-enacted.
1540/45 Giovan Leonardo Primavera b.
1541 The Law of 25 Henry VIII of England on buggery re-enacted. Rev Nicholas Udall, headmaster of Eton, scandal with two schoolboys and a servant.
1544 Torquato Tasso b.
1547 Pier Luigi Farnese, 1st Duke of Parma and Piacenza d. The Law of 25 Henry VIII on buggery repealed by King Edward VI of England.
1548 The Law of 25 Henry VIII on buggery re-enacted by King Edward VI of England with ameliorations re property.
1549 Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte b. Giovanni Antonio Bazzi (Il Sodoma) d.
1550 Julius III (Giovanni Maria Ciochhi Del Monte) Pope. Makes his 17 year old lover Innocenzo Del Monte a Cardinal.
1551 King Henri III of France b.
1552 Edmund Spenser b.
1553 The Law of 25 Henry VIII on buggery repealed by Queen Mary I of England. Marc-Antoine Muret flees to Paris accused of sodomy.
1554 Prospero Farinacci b. Marc-Antoine Muret flees to Venice accused of second offence of sodomy. Condemned to death in absentia and his effigy burned at the stake.
1555 Pope Julius III d.
1558 Marc-Antoine Muret flees to Rome accused of sodomy in Venice. Benvenuto Cellini starts autobiography.
1561 Sir Francis Bacon b.
1563 Michael Drayton b. The Law of 25 Henry VIII on buggery re-enacted by Queen Elizabeth I of England in full.
1564 William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe b. Michelangelo Buonarrotti d.
1565 Benedetto Varchi d.
1566 King James VI of Scotland and I of England b. Cardinal Carlo Caraffa and his brother Giovanni executed in Rome for crimes including sodomy.
1570 Primavera involved in scandal with boy Luigi Dalla Balla at Loreto.
1571 Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio b. Benvenuto Cellini d.
1574 Poet Richard Barnfield b.
1576 Cardinal Scipione Caffarelli Borghese b.
1579 Edmund Spenser’s poem The Shepheardes Calender. King James VI of Scotland falls in love with Esme, Lord Aubigny, later Duke of Lennox, then later in 1580s with Alexander Lindsey and the Earl of Huntly.
1580 Woman in France punished for transvestism and use of dildo. Michel de Montaigne’s Essays published in first version.
1582 Juan de Tassis, Count of Villamediana b.
1583 Phillip Stubbe’s The Anatomie of Abuses. Stephen Gosson’s Plays Confuted.
1585 Marc-Antoine Muret and (after this year) Giovan Leonardo Primavera d.
1586 Margherita d’Austria (di Parma) d.
1587 (?) Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset b.
1586 Anthony Bacon, brother of Sir Francis Bacon, accused of sodomy at Monatauban.
1589 King Henri III of France d.
1590 Theophile de Viau b.
1592 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham b. Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de Montaigne d.
1593 Christopher Marlowe murdered. Michael Drayton’s play Piers Gaveston. Christopher Marlowe’s plays Dido Queen of Carthage and Edward II. William Shakespeare’s poem Venus and Adonis.
1594 General Cesar de Vendome b. Richard Barnfield’s poems Greenes Funeralls and The Affectionate Shephearde.
1595 Denis Sanguine de Saint-Pavin b. Torquato Tasso d. Prospero Farinacci charged with sodomy in Rome but pardoned by Pope Clement VIII. Michel de Montaigne’s Essays published in France. Richard Barnfield’s poems Cynthia, with Certaine Sonnets.
1597 Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte houses Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio in Rome. Sir Richard Bacon’s Essayes. Religious meditations. Places of perswasion and disswasion.
1598 John Atherton b. Christopher Marlowe’s play Hero and Leander. Richard Barnfield’s poems The Encomium of Lady Pecunia.
1596 Edmund Spenser’s poem The Faerie Queen.
1599 Edmund Spenser d. John Rainoldes’s Th’Overthrow of Stage Plays.
17TH CENTURY
1601 Ben Jonson’s play Poetaster.
1603 Ben Jonson’s play Sejanus His Fall. King James VI of Scotland accedes as James I King of England.
1605 Scandal in Rome of Cardinal Scipione Caffarelli Borghese and Stefano Pignatelli. Thomas Artus’s Island of the Hermaphrodites.
1606 John Day’s The Isle of Gulls.
1607 Sir Francis Bacon’s ‘On Friendship’. Cyril Tourneur’s play The Revenger’s Tragedy.
1608 Middleton and Decker’s play The Roaring Girl (to 1611), with female transvestite Moll Cutpurse.
1609 William Shakespeare’s Sonnets. Ben Jonson’s play Epicoene, or the Silent Woman.
1610 Ferdinando II de’Medici, Grand-Duke of Tuscany b. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio d.
1611 Cyril Tourneur’s play The Atheist’s Tragedy. John Fletcher’s play The Night Walker, or, the Little Thief. John Fletcher and Francis Beaumont’s play The Maid’s Tragedy, with two men and a woman triangle.
1612 John Webster’s play The White Devil.
1615 Fall of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, bf of King James I of England.
1616 William Shakespeare d. Ben Jonson’s play The Devil is an Ass.
1617 Privy Council debates male favourites with King James I of England.
1618 Prospero Farinacci d.
1620 Richard Barnfield d. Pamphlet Haec Vir with female transvestite voice Hic Mulier.
1621 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, b.
1622 Juan de Tassis, Count of Villamediana d.
1623 Theophile de Viau convicted of lese majeste divine, burned in effigy and imprisoned.
1624? John Fletcher’s play Love’s Cure on male transvestism.
1625 King James I of England and VI of Scotland d. Sir Francis Bacon’s Essays or Counsels. Civil and Moral (third and Latin collections).
1626 Queen Christina of Sweden b. Sir Francis Bacon and Theophile de Viau d.
1627 Poet Richard Barnfield and Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte d.
1628 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham murdered. Sir Edward Coke’s Institutes of the Laws of England.
1630 Antonio Roco writes L’Alcibiade fanciullo a scola.
1631 Michael Drayton d. Mervyn Touchet, 12th Lord Audley, 2nd Lord Audley and Earl of Castlehaven scandal. First known trial of a homosexual in England under the 1533 statute.
1632 Katherine Philips b. Christina Queen of Sweden.
1633 Cardinal Scipione Caffarelli Borghese d. William Prynne’s Histio-Mastix.
1634 John Milton’s Comus. King Charles I of England dissociates himself from father’s habits in masque Coelum Britannicum.
1638 John Milton’s poem Lycidas.
1639 John Milton’s poem Epitaphium Damonis.
1640 Philippe, Duc d’Orleans b. John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, convicted of buggery with tithe proctor, John Childe and hanged at Cork.
1641 Pamphlet The Life and Death of John Atherton.
1645 Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset d.
1647 John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester b.
1650 Prince William of Orange (King William III of England) b. Queen Christina of Sweden accedes to throne.
1652 Antonio Roco’s L’Alcibiade fanciullo a scola published anonymously.
1654 Louis-Joseph de Vendome b. Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates throne.
1655 Philippe de Vendome b. General Cesar de Vendome d.
1656 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle’s prose fiction Nature’s Pictures.
1660 Play The Wandering Whore.
1663 Prince Eugene of Savoy b.
1664 Katherine Philips d. Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle’s Sociable Letters. Katherine Philips’s Poems.
1665 John Milton’s poem Paradise Lost.
1666 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle’s prose fiction, The Blazing World.
1667 Andrew Marvell’s poem ‘The Last Instruction to a Painter’.
1668 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle’s plays The Presence and The Convent of Pleasure.
1669 Andrew Marvell’s poem ‘The Loyal Scot’. Samuel Pepys mentions in his diary that he failed to see actor of female roles Edward Kynaston.
1670 Execution of Major Weir for buggery of animals and incest with sister in Edinburgh.
1670s Ferdinando II de’Medici, Grand-Duke of Tuscany and Denis Sanguin de Saint-Pavin d. Earl of Rochester’s play Valentinian.
1671 Giovanni Gastone de’Medici, Grand-Duke of Tuscany b.
1673 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle d.
1675 George Lesley’s pamphlet Fire and Brimstone: or, the Destruction of Sodom.
1680 John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester d.
1684 John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester’s play Sodom, or The Quintessence of Debauchery.
1682 Thomas Otway’s play Venice Preserved, or, A Plot Discovered.
1689 Queen Christina of Sweden d.
1691 Mundus Foppensis.
1696 John, Lord Hervey b. Sir John Vanbrugh’s play The Relapse.
1698 Raids in London by Society for the Reformation of Manners. Lord Portland, King William III of England’s ambassador to France, scandalises French court with Lord Westmoreland and Lord Raby. Captain Rigby RN prosecuted by Rev Thomas Bray of Society for the Reformation of Manners.
1699 Publication of Tryal and Condemnation of Mervin, Lord Audley Earl of Castlehaven (1631). Arrests of sodomites in groups in London and Windsor.
18TH CENTURY
1701 Philippe, Duc d’Orleans d.
1702 King William III of England d.
1703 Thomas Baker’s play Tunbridge-Walks, or the Yeomen of Kent first uses word ‘Molly’.
1707 Raids in London by Society for the Reformation of Manners.
1708 John Marten/Martin’s Treatise of all the Degrees and Symptoms of the Venereal Disease. Play The Modern World Disrob’d, including ‘Sir Narcissus Foplin: or, the Self-Admirer’.
1709 William Bentinck, Earl of Portland d. Ned Ward’s second part of A Complete and Humorous Account of all the Remarkable Clubs and Societies in the Cities of London and Westminster. Raids in London by Society for the Reformation of Manners. Thomas Baker’s play The Female Tatler.
1710 Case of John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford (1640) reprinted: The Case of John Atherton, Bishop of Waterford in Ireland.
1712 King Frederick II of Prussia b. Louis-Joseph de Vendome d.
1713-1715 Lord Hervey at Clare Hall, Cambridge.
1716 Thomas Gray b. Lord Hervey on grand tour.
1717 Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, and Johann Winckelmann b. Lord Hervey joins court of King George II of England. Circle of Lord Chesterfield, Alexander Pope, John Gay, Carr, Lord Hervey. Daniel Defoe devotes an issue of Review to sodomy and arson.
1718 Charles Ollincan/Ancillon’s Eunuchism Display’d, Describing all the Different Sorts of Eunuchs, etc. Giles Jacob’s Tractatus de Hermaphroditis: Or, a Treatise of Hermaphrodites.
1723 Sarah Scott and Charles-Michel, Marquis de Villette b. Earl of Sunderland exposed as a homosexual by publication of his letters to kept ‘mistress’ Beau Wilson; Love-Letters Between a Certain Late Nobleman And the Famous Mr Wilson.
1725 Henry Stuart, Cardinal of York b.
1726 Lord Hervey meets Stephen Fox. Mother Clap arrested and dies after being pilloried in the stocks. Raids in London by Reformation of Manners Society.
1727 Horace Walpole to Eton; his ‘Triumvirate’ with George Montagu and Charles Lyttelton (later Bishop of Carlisle) and ‘Quadruple Alliance’ with Thomas Gray (poet), Richard West and Thomas Ashton. Closest friend Henry Seymour Conway, ‘intimate’ Lord Lincoln, later 2nd Duke of Newcastle. Libertines Richard Edgcumbe and George Selwyn (Lincoln’s closest friend and later close friend of Lord March – ‘sentimental sodomist’; ‘necrophile’) formed ‘Out of Town Party’.
1728 Lord Hervey to France with Stephen Fox
1729 Admiral Pierre-Andre Suffren de Saint-Tropez b. Hell Upon Earth: or, the Town in an Uproar.
1730 King Frederick II of Prussia as Crown prince attempts to elope with Hans von Katte, who is executed.
1730-31 Dutch gay pogrom.
1731 William Pulteney’s pamphlet attacks Lord Hervey for sodomy. George Lillo’s play The London Merchant.
1732 Stanislaw August II, King of Poland b. Lord Hervey and William Pulteney duel.
1733 Alexander Pope calls Lord Hervey ‘Lord Fanny’ in ‘An Imitation of the First Satire of the Second Book of Horace’.
1734 Hervey writes poem in response to Alexander Pope: ‘Epistle to a Doctor of Divinity’. Alexander Pope publishes poem ‘Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot’ attacking Lord Hervey.
1734 1735 Horace Walpole to King’s College, Cambridge; his love for Henry Conway, later General and Secretary of State.
1735 Alexander Pope attacks Lord Hervey in ‘Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot’, characterising Hervey as ‘Paris’ and ‘Sporus’. A View of the Town: In an Epistle to a Friend in the Country. A Satire.
1736 Prince Eugene of Savoy d. Francesco Algarotti arrives in London, introduced by Voltaire to Lord Hervey. William King refers to Duchess of Newburgh as a ‘lesbian’ in The Toast.
1739 Lady Eleanor Butler b. Giovanni Gastone de’Medici, Grand-Duke of Tuscany d. Horace Walpole on grand tour with Thomas Gray. Rev Robert Thislethwayte, Warden of Wadham College, Oxford, charged with sodomitical assault on a college commoner in College Wit Sharpened; flees to France.
1740 Donatien Alphonse Francois, Marquis de Sade b.
1741 Fielding parodies Lord Hervey as Beau Didapper in novel Joseph Andrews. James Parsons’s A Mechanical and Critical Enquiry into the Nature of Hermaphrodites.
1742 Richard West d. Select Trials … From the Year 1720 to this Time. Thomas Gray’s ‘Sonnet on the Death of Richard West’ and ‘Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College’.
1743 John, Lord Hervey d. Hogarth’s Marriage-a-la-mode.
1746 King Gustav III of Sweden b.
1747 Anna Seward b. David Garrick plays Mr Fribble in play Miss in Her Teen: or, The Medley of Lovers. He is attacked in The Pretty Gentleman: or, the Softness of Manners Vindicated from the False Ridicule Exhibited Under the Character of William Fribble.
1748 Jeremy Bentham b. Montesquieu’s The Spirit of the Laws. Tobias Smollett’s novel Roderick Random.
1749 Satan’s Harvest Home published. John Cleland in Fleet Prison writes novel Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (Fanny Hill) (or 1748). Reasons for the Growth of Sodomy, in England.
1751 Horace Walpole’s brother Edward accused of sodomy but accusers imprisoned. Alexander Pope’s ‘A Letter to a Noble Lord’ attacking Hervey’s sexuality published after both their deaths. Smollett’s novel The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle. Thomas Gray’s ‘Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard’.
1752 Horace Walpole begins Strawberry Hill reconfiguration. Scandal in Rome of Henry Stuart, Cardinal of York and his majordomo, Lercari.
1753 Voltaire exposes King Frederick II of Prussia’s male lovers in The Private Life of the King of Prussia. Hogarth’s The Analysis of Beauty. Smollett’s novel The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom.
1754 Alexander Hamilton b. Re-publication of life of Bishop Atherton in The Political Balance for 1754 as an attack on Archbishop George Stone of Armagh.
1755 King Louis XVIII of France and Sarah Ponsonby b.
1756 Charlotte Cibber Clarke’ novel The History of Henry Dumont, Esq.
1757 Karl Philipp Moritz b.
1760 William Beckford b.
1762 Sarah Scott’s novel A Description of Millenium Hall.
1763 Charles Churchill attacks sodomy in his poem The Times. Johann Winckelmann’s Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums.
1764 Cesare Beccaria’s Essay on Crimes and Punishment. Horace Walpole 4th Earl of Orford accused by William Guthrie’s pamphlet of effeminacy. Johann Winckelmann’s Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums. Horace Walpole 4th earl of Orford’s novel Castle of Otranto.
Mid 1760s Raids in London on molly houses.
1765 William Blackstone’s Commentaries: ‘A crime not fit to be named.’
1766 Horace Walpole in France with Crauford. The Fruit Shop, A Tale: or, a Companion to St James’s Street.
1768 Johann Winckelmann murdered.
1771-2 Isaac Bickerstaff flees to France to avoid trial for trying to seduce Savoy Barracks sentry. William Kenrick lampoons David Garrick for being involved in the case in Love in the Suds A Town Eclogue. Being the Lamentations of Roscius for the Loss of His Nyky.
1772 Trial of Capt Robert Jones for sodomy with Francis Henry Hay. Sentenced to death, pardoned by King George III, fled to Lyons. Marquis de Sade sentenced to death in absentia for sodomy with his footman, his effigy burnt.
1773 Thomas Gray’s Journals.
1774 Jeremy Bentham starts making notes on reform of homosexual penalties.
1775 Matthew Lewis b. Thomas Gray’s Journal.
1776 Raids in London on molly houses. Rev Jackson, lampooned by Samuel Foote in The Capuchin, retaliates by accusation of sodomy with coachman, but acquitted and dies shortly thereafter.
1777 Heinrich von Kleist b. Beckford initiates affair with William Courtenay, son of the Earl of Devon. Alexander Hamilton Aide to George Washington to 1781. Voltaire’s entry ‘On Sodomy’ in Prix de la Justice et de l’Humanite.
1778 Lady Eleanor Butler and Sarah Ponsonby elope to Llangollen.
1779 Sons of Earl of Denbigh blackmailed for money, threatened with exposure as sodomites.
1781 English legal decision makes it necessary to prove penetration and emission of seed for a charge of buggery.
1782 Rev. John Church b. William Beckford’s novel Vathek and the Marquis de Sade’s novel The 120 Days of Sodom written.
1784 William Beckford scandal at Powderham Castle with William Courtenay.
1785 – 1816 Jeremy Bentham draws up arguments in an essay for penal reform of laws against same sex (never published) in On Paederasty. The Marquis de Sade’s novel The 120 Days of Sodom published. Karl Philipp Moritz’s autobiographical novel Anton Reiser.
1786 King Frederick II of Prussia d. Beckford’s novel Vathek.
1787 Beckford initiates Portuguese affairs.
1788 George Gordon Byron, Lord Byron and Arthur Schopenhauer b. Admiral Pierre-Andre Suffren de Saint-Tropez murdered at Versailles.
1789 Earl Cowper dies in Florence and accused of sodomy afterwards by journalist Topham.
1790 William Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire b.
1791 Anne Lister b. French penal code decriminalises same-sex acts.
1792 King Gustav III of Sweden d.
1793 Charles-Michel, Marquis de Villette d.
1795 Karl Philipp Moritz and Sarah Scott d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Belgium and Luxembourg. The Marquis de Sade’s Philosophy in the Bedroom. Matthew Lewis’s novel The Monk.
1796 August, Graf von Platen b. Mathew Lewis’s novel The Monk.
1797 Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford d. Rev John Fenwick flees to France to escape sodomy charge.
1798 Stanislaw August II, King of Poland d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in some Swiss cantons. Raids in London on molly houses. George Ferrers, Earl of Leicester (then Lord Chartley), goes to Trinity College, Cambridge with Italian servant Neri.
19TH CENTURY
1801 Cardinal John Henry Newman b. Lord Byron at Harrow, writes poems to William Harness, George Earl Delawarr, the Duke of Dorset and the Earl of Clare.
1802 Alexander Hamilton d.
1803 Ralph Waldo Emerson and Sir James Brooke, later Rajah of Sarawak b. Lord Byron’s affair with Lord Grey de Ruthyn.
1805 Hans Christian Andersen b. Lord Byron to Cambridge; writes poems to chorister John Edlestone; circle with Charles Skinner Matthews, John Cam Hobhouse and Scrope Berdmore Davies; love for page Fulton; closest friends William Bankes and Edward Noel Long. Wolfgang von Goethe’s biographical essay on Johann Winckelmann.
1807 Henry Stuart, Cardinal of York d. Byron’s poems Hours of Idleness; poem ‘The Cornelian’.
1808 Rev. John Church ejected from Banbury living due to ‘sodomitical assaults’ on young men.
1809 Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton, Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol, Abraham Lincoln and Edward FitzGerald b. Anna Seward d. Lord Byron travels east with Hobhouse and visits Beckford’s old palace in Portugal. Reaches Albania and Greece; friendship with Nicolo Giraud. Earl of Leicester accused of picking up young Guardsmen and, with wife about to accuse him, successfully sues the Morning Herald but flees to Genoa.
1810 Re. John Church commences marrying mollies in the Swan molly house in Vere St, London. Vere Street pilloryings. The Trying and Pillorying of the Vere Street Club. Death of the Duke of Cumberland’s valet, Sellis, ‘killed’ by the Duke for accusing him of relations with valet Neale. Sir Walter Scott publishes three volumes of Anna Seward’s poems. Heinrich von Kleist’s play Prinz Friedrich von Homburg.
1811 Heinrich von Kleist commits suicide. Homosexual acts decriminalised in the Netherlands. Coachman of Bishop Percy Jocelyn of Leighlin and Ferns accuses employer of sodomy but is himself imprisoned. Death of 7th Earl of Findlater and 3rd Earl of Seafield in Dresden, leaving all his property to family of young man named Fischer. Viscount Courtenay (Beckford’s William Courtenay) accused by Exeter magistrate of sodomy and flees to France. Memoirs of Prince Eugene of Savoy published. Byron’s poem ‘To Thyrza’. Ensign John Hepburn and Drummer Thomas White executed for sodomy.
1812 Edward Lear b. Rev. V.P. Littlehales sexually assaults a footman, admits charge and flees to the US. Byron’s poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage; ‘One Struggle More and I am Free’ and ‘Sometimes in the Haunts of Men’.
1813 Rev. John Church charged with sodomy but acquitted. Richard Holloway’s The Phoenix of Sodom, or the Vere Street Coterie.
1814 Frederick Faber and Edward Fitzgerald b. Donatien Alphonse Francois, Marquis de Sade d. Jeremy Bentham writes private pages on reform of laws against homosexuality (to 1816). Rev. John Church builds the Surrey Tabernacle.
1815 St. Giovanni Bosco b.
1816 Charles John Vaughan b. Lord Byron’s wife initiates proceedings causing his ostracism; his departure for the continent. Disgrace of General Sir Eyre Coote for flagellation and sex with schoolboys. Prosecution and execution of four crew of the ship Africaine. William Spencer Cavendish meets Grand Duke Nicholas, later Czar, at Chatsworth.
1817 Henry David Thoreau b. Rev. John Church convicted of sodomy and jailed for two years.
1818 Matthew Lewis d. End of pillory for same-sex crimes in England. Shelley publishes poem Laon and Cynthia (an incestuous love story), translates Plato’s Symposium and writes essay ‘A Discourse on the Manners of the Antient Greeks Relative to the Subject of Love’, published privately.
1819 Walt Whitman and Herman Melville b. Keat’s poem The Eve of St Agnes attacks sexual asceticism and Byron’s poem Don Juan mocks moral hypocrisy.
1820 Charles Maturin’s novel Melmoth the Wanderer.
1821 Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poem, elegy on John Keats, ‘Adonais’.
1822 Thomas Hughes b. Scandal of Percy Jocelyn, Bishop of Clogher and Guardsman (who had dined earlier with Hobhouse). Jocelyn flees to Scotland. Scandal-related suicide of Lord Castlereagh, Marquess of Londonderry.
1823 William (Johnson) Cory b. Lord Byron to Greece; meets Lukas. Rev Thomas Jephson, Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, mugged in male honey trap, charges assailants, charged in turn, acquitted but told to leave the College.
1824 King Louis XVIII of France, George Gordon, Lord Byron d. His poems ‘On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year’, ‘Love and Death’ and ‘Last Words in Greece’. Jeremy Bentham’s last writing on legal reform.
1825 Bayard Taylor and Karl Heinrich Ulrichs b. Suppression of Barley Mow molly house.
1826 Sir Robert Peel amends English sodomy act to remove need for penetration and emission of seed and re-imposes death penalty. Lord Byron’s friend Richard Heber, MP and bibliophile, flees to Continent to avoid scandal.
1827 Suppression of Rose and Crown molly house.
1828 Offences Against the Person Act, Section 16, prescribes death penalty for buggery.
1829 Lady Eleanor Butler d. Arthur Hallam’s close friendship with Monckton Milnes.
1830 Emily Dickinson, Sir John Branston and Christina Rosetti b. Suppression of Bull Inn molly house. Arthur Hallam rejects Monckton Milne’s love.
1831 Frederic William Farrar and Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert b. Sarah Ponsonby d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Brazil. Arthur Hallam’s essay ‘On Cicero’.
1832 American novelist, Rev. Horatio Alger b. Sarah Ponsonby d.
1833 General Charles George Gordon b. Arthur Hallam, friend of Alfred, Lord 1Tennyson, d. in Vienna. Poem Don Leon (a plea for law reform) written at time of Peel’s reform bill and appointment of Commission on Criminal Law. Captain Henry Nicholas Nicholls hanged for sodomy. Arrest of Byron’s closest Cambridge friend, MP William Bankes, for sex with a Guardsman in a toilet near House of Commons. The Duke of Wellington testifies for him and he is found not guilty.
1834 Poet Lord Roden Berkeley Wriothesley Noel b. Quarterly Journal of Education first suggests prurience between masters and boys. Eton attacked for immorality.
1835 Samuel Butler b. Rev. John Church and August, Graf von Platen d. Last executions for sodomy in England of James Pratt and John Smith. Theophile Gautier’s novel Mademoiselle de Maupin.
1836 Richard Hurrell Froude d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Peru (to 1837). English Commission on Criminal Law refuses to remove death penalty for sodomy but penalty tacitly abandoned.
1837 Algernon Charles Swinburne and Oscar Browning b.
1839 Walter Pater b. Henry David Thoreau’s novel Sympathy.
1840 John Addington Symonds, Simeon Solomon and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky b. Anne Lister d. Richard Henry Dana’s novel Two Years before the Mast. James Fenimore Cooper’s novel Jack Tier.
1841 Sir Henry Morton Stanley b. Bill to abolish death penalty for sodomy passes in Commons but fails in Lords. William Bankes accused of sodomy and flees to continent. Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Friendship.
1842 Ambrose Bierce and Andrew George Scott (Captain Moonlight) b. Walt Whitman’s temperance novel Franklin Evans.
1843 Charles Warren Stoddard, Peter Doyle and Henry James b. Nikolai Gogol’s play The Gamblers.
1844 Gerard Manley Hopkins, Friedrich Nietzsche, Paul Verlaine and Edward Carpenter b. William Beckford d. Arthur Schopenhauer’s The World as Will and Representation, Vol. 2. Benjamin Disraeli’s novel Coningsby.
1845 Edmund Gosse and King Ludwig II of Bavaria b. William Johnson Cory appointed master at Eton. Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford’s Memoirs of the Reign of George II and Memoirs of the Reign of George III first published.
1846 Lord Henry Somerset b. Herman Melville’s novel Typee.
1847 Philipp Prinze zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld and Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery b. Herman Melville’s novel Omoo.
1848 Joris-Karl Huysmans b. Lord Hervey’s Memoirs first published. James Fenimore Cooper’s novel Jack Tier: or the Florida Reefs.
1849 Sir Edmund Gosse and August Strindberg b. George Thompson (Greenhorn)’s City Crimes, Or, Life in Boston and New York. Herman Melville’s novel Redburn. His novella Billy Budd written but not published. Henry David Thoreau’s novel A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers. Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem In Memoriam.
1850 Field Marshal Earl Kitchener of Khartoum b. Scandal at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich; 33 boys expelled. ‘H Smith’ (William Dugdale)’s ‘A Few Words About Margeries – the Way to Know the Beasts, their haunts, etc’ in Yokel’s Preceptor: or, More Sprees in London! Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s poem In Memoriam in memory of Arthur Hallam. Herman Melville’s novel White Jacket. Bayard Taylor’s story ‘Hylas’.
1851 Joseph William Gleeson White and Lord Arthur Somerset b. Herman Melville’s novel Moby Dick. Charles Kingsley attacks Tractarians. Bayard Taylor’s poem ‘To a Persian Boy’.
1852 Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher and Irish novelist George Augustus Moore b. Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol d. Matthew Arnold’s poem ‘Empedocles on Etna’.
1853 Cecil Rhodes, Dame Ethel Mary Smyth and Major-General Sir Hector Macdonald b. EA Duchesne’s De La Prostitution dans la Ville d’Alger depuis la Conquete.
1854 Horatio Brown, Arthur Rimbaud, Friedrich Krupp, Charles Webster Leadbeater and Oscar Wilde b. Henry David Thoreau’s novel Walden, or a Life in the Woods.
1855 Howard Overing Sturgis, Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac and English poet Edward Cracroft Lefroy b. William Bankes d, in Venice. Marquess Townshend (earlier the Earl of Leicester) dies in Genoa as Signor Compton. Walt Whitman’s poem Leaves of Grass. Bayard Taylor’s Poems of the Orient.
1856 Baron Wilhelm von Gloeden, John Singer Sargent and Violet Paget (Vernon Lee) b. Fredrick Faber’s Poems. Herman Melville’s short story ‘I and My Chimney’. George William Curtis’s The Howadji in Syria. Walt Whitman first uses term ‘adhesiveness’.
1857 General Robert Baden-Powell and Charles Kains Jackson b. British Obscene Publications Act. Dr. Auguste-Ambroise Tardieu’s A Medico-Legal Study of Indecent Assaults. Thomas Hughes’s novel Tom Brown’s Schooldays. William Acton’s The Functions and Disorders of the Reproductive Organs condemns masturbation.
1858 Henry Scott Tuke, Horace Traubel and Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson b. William Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Turkey. John Addington Symonds brings about disgrace of Dr Vaughan, Headmaster of Harrow. Alfred Lord Tennyson meets Algernon Charles Swinburne. William (Johnson) Cory’s poems Ionica. Frederic William Farrar’s novel Eric, or Little by Little.
1859 A.E. Housman and Kenneth Grahame b. W Kenworthy Browne, beloved of Edward Fitzgerald, d. Resignation of Rev Dr Charles John Vaughan as Headmaster of Harrow.
Edward FitzGerald’s translation of poem Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam inspired by Edward Cowell. John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty argues against the persecution of minorities and cites Athen’s execution of Socrates for corrupting youth. Simeon Solomon’s painting David Playing Before Saul.
1860 Frederick William Rolfe (Baron Corvo), Rev. Edwin Emanuel Bradford, Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock, James Matthew Barrie and Edward Perry Warren (Arthur Lyon Raile) b. Arthur Schopenhauer d. John Addington Symonds is disgraced at Magdalen College, Oxford. Charles John Vaughan offered Bishopric of Rochester but forced by John Addington Symonds’s father to withdraw. Walt Whitman adds poem ‘Calamus’ to the US version of Leaves of Grass. Gerard Manley Hopkins starts writing poems.
1861 Alfred J Cohen (Alan Dale), Horace Annesley Vachell and Edith Lees Ellis b. Arthur Clough d. English Offences Against the Person Act reduces penalty for sodomy to ten years to life imprisonment. John Addington Symonds’s poem ‘What Cannot Be’ written. Theodore Winthrop’s novel John Brent.
1862 Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson and A.C. Benson b. Henry David Thoreau d. Theodore Winthrop’s novels John Brent and Cecil Dreeme. Bayard Taylor’s The Poet’s Journal. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs starts writing on homosexuality in Germany. Gerard Manley Hopkins goes up to Brasenose College, Oxford. Recommends friends ot read Theocritus’s idylls on boy love, ‘Thalusia’ and ‘Hylas’.
1863 Samuel Elsworth Cottam, Constantine Cavafy and Gabriel Gillett b. Frederick Faber d.
1864 Poet Marc-Andre Raffalovich, Robert Hichens, Sir Roger Casement, John Henry Mackay (Sagitta), Colonel Alfred Victor Redl and English poet Charles Sayle b. St. Giovanni Bosco founds Society of St. Francis de Sales. Cardinal John Henry Newman’s Apologia pro Vita Sua. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs’s first (of five) pamphlet on ‘intermediate sex’, Researches into the Riddle of Love between Men. Edward Carpenter to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Edward Fitzgerald meets Joseph Fletcher, ‘Posh’. Walter Pater delivers paper ‘Diapheneite’ to students at Oxford; member of Old Mortality society including Swinburne, Symonds, Shadwell and Professor Ingram Bywater, all homosexually inclined.
1865 Laurence Housman and Arthur Symons b. Abraham Lincoln assassinated. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs’s last pamphlets on ‘intermediate sex’, Researches into the Riddle of Love between Men Swinburne’s poems Atalanta in Calydon. John Addington Symonds reads Whitman. Simeon Solomon’s painting Love among the Schoolboys.
1866 Poet John Gambril Francis Nicholson, Laurence Housman, Benedict Friedlander, W. Graham Robertson and John Henry Gray b. Walter Pater is tutor to Gerard Manley Hopkins at Oxford. Rev. Horatio Alger scandal in Boston. Poem Don Leon (account of Byron’s gay loves) published by William Dugdale. Algernon Charles Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads, First Series. Matthew Arnold completes elegy on Arthur Clough, ‘Thyrsis’. Christina Rosetti’s Goblin Market and Other Poems.
1867 George Cecil Ives, Edward Frederic Benson and Edmund St.Gascoigne Mackie b. Walter Pater’s essay ‘Winckelmann’ in the Westminster Review. Rev. Horatio Alger’s novel Ragged Dick.
1868 Stefan George, Magnus Hirschfeld, Norman Douglas and Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Mayne) b. Sir James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak d. Karoly Maria Kertbeny coins term ‘homosexualitat’ in letter of 6 May to Ulrichs. Walter Pater introduces Gerard Manley Hopkins to Simeon Solomon. Simeon Solomon visits Italy with Oscar Browning and his painting Bacchus exhibited. Lord Roden Noel’s Beatrice and Other Poems including ‘Ganymede’. Walt Whitman’s poem ‘Calamus’ published in England. Dante Gabriel Rosetti includes Whitman’s poems in a collection. Edward Carpenter reads Walt Whitman’s poems. John Addington Symonds’s poem ‘Eudiades’ written. Swinburne mentions Whitman in critical study William Blake. Alfred Lord Tennyson starts to write Idylls of the King.
1869 Andre Gide and Robbie Ross b. Karoly Maria Kertbeny’s pamphlet, The Social Harm Caused by Paragraph 143 of the Prussian Legal Code, publishes word ‘homosexualitat’ for first time. He publishes this and another pamphlet anonymously. Walter Pater’s essay ‘Notes on Leonardo da Vinci’ in The Fortnightly Review, November.
1870 Lord Alfred Douglas and Hector Hugh Munro (Saki) b. Prussian Penal Code imposed throughout German Empire with Paragraph 175 outlawing homosexual acts. Arrest in London of Frederick William Park and Ernest Boulton; the scandal involves Lord Arthur Clinton, son of the 4th Duke of Newcastle. AE Housman meets Moses John Jackson at Oxford. Bayard Taylor’s novel Joseph and His Friend. Edward Carpenter’s Narcissus and Other Poems.
1871 Marcel Proust, John Le Gay Brereton, Claude Hartland, Sir William Rothenstein, Goerge Seymour, 7th Marquess of Hertford and Theodore William Graf Wratislaw b. Arthur Rimbaud meets Paul Verlaine. Simeon Solomon’s prose poem A Vision of Love Revealed in Sleep. Bayard Taylor’s poem ‘Twin Love’. John Addington Symonds’s poem ‘Love and Death: A Symphony’ written. He starts to write to Whitman.
1872 Sir Max Beerbohm, Aubrey Beardsley, William Lygon 7th Earl Beauchamp, Mikhail Alekseyevich Kuzmin, Sir Edward Marsh and Sergei Diaghilev b. William (Johnson) Cory dismissed as master at Eton.
1873 John Francis Bloxam, Sidonie Gabrielle Colette, American writer Willa Cather and Sir Edmund Backhouse b. Rimbaud shoots Verlaine. Conviction of Simeon Solomon for cottaging with George Roberts, stableman. Lord Roden Noel publishes an essay on Byron, ‘Lord Byron and His Times’ in St Paul’s Magazine working out Byron’s bisexuality from Mary Shelley’s publication in 1840 of a letter from Shelley to Peacock about Byron’s life at Venice. Lord Roden Noel becomes Groom of the Privy Chamber to Queen Victoria. Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance, dedicated to Charles Shadwell. John Addington Symonds’s Studies of the Greek Poets. Charles Warren Stoddard’s novel South-Sea Idylls. The Romance of Lust, or Early Experiences stories published by William Lazenby (in 4 vols to 1876). Edmund Gosse’s poems On Viol and Flute. Edward Carpenter’s poems Narcissus and Other Poems. Arthur Rimbaud’s poem Une Saison en Enfer.
1874 Earl Lind, W. Somerset Maugham and Gertrude Stein b. Edward Carpenter to Leeds, where he begins correspondence with Walt Whitman. Benjamin Jowett, Master of Balliol College, prevents Walter Pater’s appointment as Proctor having heard he was ‘spooning’ undergraduate William M. Hardinge. Paul Verlaine’s poems Romances sans parole.
1875 Aleister Crowley, Forrest Reid and Thomas Mann b. Hans Christian Andersen d. Oscar Browning dismissed from Eton. Bishop of Oxford attacks Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance. Henry James’s novel Roderick Hudson. John Addington Symonds’s poems Lyra Viginti Cordarum, including ‘Three Visions of Imperial Rome, Midnight at Baiae’, and start of publishing of Renaissance in Italy (to 1886). Adolf von Wilbrandt’s Fridolins heimliche Ehe (Fridolin’s Mystical Marriage), the first openly gay German novel.
1876 Frederic, Lord Leighton, paints Richard Burton. John Addington Symonds loses contest for Oxford Professorship of Poetry, he believes due to the last chapter of his Studies of the Greek Poets. Walter Pater writes ‘A Study of Dinonysus’.
1877 Alice B Toklas, Renee Vivien (Pauline Mary Tarn), James Agate and G.H. Hardy b. Walter Pater meets Richard Jackson at Oxford. Walter Pater’s prepares second edition of Studies in the History of the Renaissance. Reverend St. John Tyrwhitt attacks John Addington Symonds and Oxford Aestheticism in ‘The Greek Spirit in Modern Literature’ in The Contemporary Review, March. Walter Pater and John Addington Symonds withdraw from contest for Professorship of Poetry at Oxford. Edward Carpenter visits Walt Whitman in the US. Gerard Manley Hopkins ordained priest. Writes ‘God’s Grandeur’. Oscar Wilde’s poems Wasted Days. William Johnson Cory’s poems Ionica II.
1878 Bayard Taylor d. Lord Henry Somerset’s liaison with Harry Smith discovered.
John Addington Symonds’s The Sonnets of Michael Angelo Buonarotti and Tommaso Campanella. Walter Pater’s autobiographical ‘Imaginary Portraits 1: the Child in the House’ in Macmillan’s Magazine. John Addington Symonds’s poems Many Moods. Algernon Charles Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads, Series II.
1879 EM Forster and Air-Commodore L.E.O. Charlton b. Lord Henry Somerset resigns as Comptroller of the Queen’s Household and exiled in Europe. Algernon Charles Swinburne goes to live with Theodore Watts-Duncan in Putney. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs’s last pamphlet (of twelve) on ‘intermediate sex’. Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poem ‘The Bugler’s First Communion’.
1880 Marguerite Radclyffe Hall, Reginald Farrer, Lytton Strachey and Montague Summers b. Andrew George Scott (Captain Moonlight) d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Japan and Paraguay. Police raid drag ball at Temperance Hall in Hulme, Manchester. John Addington Symonds asks Whitman if ‘adhesivness’ means same-sex acts. End of their correspondence. Charles Edward Hutchinson’s attack on Oxford homosexuals in pamphlet Boy Worship. Gerard Manley Hopkins, working in a Liverpool parish, writes poem ‘Felix Randal’. John Addington Symonds’s New and Old: A Volume of Verse.
1881 Louis Umfreville Wilkinson (Louis Marlow), Russell Cheney and John Moray Stuart-Young b. John Addington Symonds meets Angelo Fusato. Jack Saul’s pornographic account The Sins of the Cities of the Plain. Oscar Wilde’s Poems and Eleutheria, including ‘Helas!’ Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock’s poems Love, Sleep and Dreams. Edward Carpenter starts poem Towards Democracy. Gilbert and Sullivan’s musical Patience: or, Bunthorne’s Bride.
1882 Virginia Woolf and Humphrey Neville Dickinson b. Ralph Waldo Emerson d. Oscar Wilde’s Poems. Walt Whitman’s autobiography Specimen Days in America.
1883 Edmund John, John Maynard Keynes, Kenneth Searight and Gerald, Lord Berners b. Edward FitzGerald d. Dublin Castle scandal of French, Cornwall and Connelan. Eliza Lynn Linton’s article ‘The Epicene Sex’ in The Girl of the Period and Other Social Essays. John Addington Symonds’s A Problem in Greek Ethics circulated privately. Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock’s poems Myrtle, Rue and Cypress. Edward Cracroft Lefroy’s poems Echoes from Theocritus. Edward Carpenter’s first part of poem Towards Democracy.
1884 James Elroy Flecker, Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Eleanor Roosevelt, Sir Hugh Walpole and Ivy Compton Burnett b. Edward Perry Warren meets John Marshall at Oxford. John Addington Symonds’s poems Fragilia Labilia. Marc-Andre Raffalovich’s poems Cyril and Lionel and A Volume of Sentimental Verse. Vernon Lee’s novel Miss Brown. Wilbrandt’s German novel Fridolin’s Mystical Marriage translated into English. August Strindberg’s novel Getting Married I.
1885 D.H. Lawrence, Duncan Grant and English short story writer Leonard Green b. Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton d. General Charles George Gordon killed in Khartoum. Henry Labouchere’s amendment to Section 11 of the English Criminal Law Amendment Act establishes ‘gross indecency’ offence. Painter Henry Scott Tuke moves to Falmouth. Richard Burton’s appendix on ‘Pederasty’ in his translation of The Thousand Nights and a Night, the first essay on homosexuality to be published in English. Charles Warren Stoddard’s autobiography A Troubled Heart. Walter Pater’s novel Marius the Epicurean. Joris-Karl Huysmans’s A rebours. August Strindberg’s ‘Nature the Criminal’ in Getting Married. Edward Carpenter’s second part of poem Towards Democracy. Edward Cracroft Lefroy’s Echoes from Theocritus and Other Poems, including ‘A Palaestral Study’ and ‘An Idler Listening to Socrates Discussing Philosophy with His Boy-Friends’. Marc-Andre Raffalovich’s poems Tuberose and Meadowsweet. Charles Sayle’s poems Bertha: A Story of Love. Gerard Manley Hopkins writing ‘dark sonnets’.
1885 et ff The Eagle Street College established in Bolton
1886 Dr. John Leslie Barford, Harold Nicolson, Siegfried Sassoon, Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank, Thomas Burke and Marguerite Radclyffe Hall b. Emily Dickinson and King Ludwig II of Bavaria d. Oscar Wilde meets Robbie Ross. Lord Roden Noel re-publishes ‘Lord Byron and His Times’ in Essays on Poetry and Poets dedicated ‘to my friend, John Addington Symonds’. Marc-Andre Raffalovich’s poems In Fancy Dress, including ‘Rose Leaves When the Rose is Dead’ and ‘The World Well Lost IV and XVIII’. Richard, Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing’s Psychopathia Sexualis. John Addington Symonds’s biographies of Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Thomas Browne. AC Benson’s novel Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton. Walter Pater writes ‘Denys l’Auxerrois’. August Strindberg’s novel Getting Married II.
1887 Rupert Brooke, Clemence Dane, Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, Lady Una Troubridge and SA Leader Ernst Roehm b. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Argentina. Richard Burton’s The Sotadic Zone. August Strindberg’s article ‘The Last Word on the Question of Women’. Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson’s novel White Cockades: An Incident of the ‘Forty-Five’. George Moore’s novel A Mere Accident. Joseph William Gleeson White’s poems Ballads and Rondeau.
1888 T.E. Lawrence, T.S. Eliot, Gerald Bernard Francis Hamilton (Patrick Weston), English autobiographer F.S. Woodley, Katherine Mansfield and Portuguese poet Fernando Antonio Nogueira Pessoa b. St. Giovanni Bosco d. Edward Lear d. Walter Pater’s The Renaissance. Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poem ‘Epithalamion’. John Addington Synmonds’s biography of Benvenuto Cellini. Editor Charles Philip Castle Kains Jackson’s poem ‘Hyacinthus’ appears in The Artist; start of Uranian poets.
1889 Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff, James Whale, Cardinal Francis Spellman, Benjamin Musser, Claude McKay, Adolf Hitler, Naomi Jacob, Ludwig Wittgenstein and John Cocteau b. Gerard Manley Hopkins d. Death penalty for sodomy abolished in Scotland. Oscar Wilde meets John Gray. Cleveland St scandal involves Prince Albert Victor (eldest son of Prince of Wales), the Earl of Euston and Lord Arthur Somerset. John Addington Symonds’s Memoirs written. John Addington Symonds’s translation of The Life of Benvenuto Cellini. Alan Dale (Alfred J Cohen)’s novel A Marriage below Zero. Edward Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Main)’s novel Janus: A Matter of Temperament. Marc-Andre Raffalovich’s poems It Is Thyself including ‘Sonnet CXX’. Lord Henry Somerset’s autobiographical poems Songs of Adieu. Charles Sayle’s poems Erotidia. Algernon Charles Swinburne’s Poems and Ballads, Series III.
1890 Rose Laure Allatini and Nijinski b. Cardinal John Henry Newman d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Italy. Richard Burton and Leonard Smithers’s Priapeia, or Sportive Epigrams on Priapus by Divers Poets in English Verse and Prose. Oscar Wilde’s novel The Picture of Dorian Gray published in the American journal, Lipincott’s. Sir Edmund Gosse writes to John Addington Symonds acknowledging his own homosexuality.
1891 Cole Porter b. English poet Edward Cracroft Lefroy, Herman Melville and Arthur Rimbaud d. Word ‘homosexuality’ entered general English useage. Flight of Edward Samuel Wesley de Cobain MP. Edward Carpenter meets George Merrill. Andre Gide meets Oscar Wilde in Paris. Edith Lees marries Havelock Ellis. The Artist reports on Frederick Rolfe’s painting of Roman Catholic church in Christchurch. Oscar Wilde’s The Soul of Man under Socialism. John Addington Symonds’s A Problem in Modern Ethics issued privately. Albert Moll’s Die Contrare Sexuaemplfindung. August Strindberg’s The Cloister. Oscar Wilde’s novel A House of Pomegranates. Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson’s novel Left to Themselves: Being the Ordeal of Philip and Gerald. Howard Overing Sturgis’s novel Tim: A Story of Eton. Henry James’s short story ‘The Pupil’. Richard Le Gallienne’s poems The Book-Bills of Narcissus.
1892 Ralph Nicholas Chubb, David Garnett, Vita Sackville West, Norman Haire, Mae West, Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt, Sumner Welles and Djuna Barnes b. Walt Whitman, Alfred, Lord Tennyson and William (Johnson) Cory d. John Addington Symonds uses term ‘homosexual’ in a letter. He agrees to collaborate with Havelock Ellis on an essay on homosexuality. Dr James Kiernan uses ‘homosexual’ as a noun in an American medical journal. John Gray meets Marc-Andre Raffalovich. Lord Alfred Douglas, editor of magazine The Spirit Lamp, blackmailed at Oxford. George Ives reads Carpenter’s poem Towards Democracy and meets Oscar Wilde. Edith Lees Ellis’s pamphlet A Noviciate for Marriage. John Addington Synmonds’s Our Life in the Swiss Highlands and translation of Life of Michelangelo Buonarotti. Rhymer’s Club first book. John Gambril Nicholson’s Love in Earnest: Sonnets, Ballades, and Lyrics. Oscar Wilde’s Poems re-issued. George Ives’s poems The Lifting of the Veil.
1893 R. Nichols, Ivor Novello and Wilfrid Owen b. John Addington Symonds and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky d. Trial and sentencing of Edward Samuel Wesley de Cobain MP. George Ives founds the Order of Chaeronea. Baron Gloeden’s photographic exhibitions at Egyptian Hall and Pall Mall, London. Joseph William Gleeson White’s Studio reproduces photographs of Baron Gloeden and Frederick Rolfe. Lord Alfred Douglas stops editing magazine Spirit Lamp. His poem ‘Hyacinthus’ appears in The Artist, followed by Theodore William Graf Wratislaw’s poem ‘To a Sicilian Boy’. John Addington Symonds’s Key of Blue and Other Prose Essays, Walt Whitman: A Study and a biography of Michelangelo. Teleny, ‘the first novel in English to concern itself with homosexuality to its fullest extent’. Theodore William Graf Wratislaw’s poems Caprices, including ‘To a Sicilian Boy’ published openly. Rev. Edwin Emanuel Bradford’s short story ‘Boris Orloff’. Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock’s poems The Shadow of Death. John Henry Gray’s poems Silverpoints. Viscount Esher’s poems Foam. Charles Sayle’s poems Musa Consolatrix. Walter Pater’s ‘Apollo in Picardy’.
1894 Alfred Kinsey and Violet Trefusis b. Christina Rosetti, Lord Roden Noel and Walter Pater d. Suicide on 18 October of Francis, Viscount Drumlanrig. Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery Prime Minister of England. Editor Charles Philip Castle Kains Jackson publishes essay ‘The New Chivalry’ then resigns from magazine The Artist. Simeon Solomon in St Giles workhouse. John Francis Bloxam edits magazine The Chameleon; includes short story ‘The Priest and the Acolyte’ and Lord Alfred Douglas’s poem ‘Two Loves’ in its single Oxford edition; ‘The love that dare not speak its name.’ Edward Carpenter’s Homogenic Love, and its Place in a Free Society, first delivered as a public lecture in Manchester. The Manchester Labour Press publishes his essays ‘Sex Love’, ‘Woman’ and ‘Marriage’. The Yellow Book. August Strindberg’s article ‘Perverts’ in French. Robert Hichens’s novel The Green Carnation. Howard Overing Sturgis’s novel All that Was Possible. Rhymers Club second book. Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock’s short stories and poems Studies of Death. Alan Stanley’s poems Love Lyrics. Oscar Wilde’s Salome translated by Lord Alfred Douglas. Marc-Andre Raffalovich and John Gray’s play The Blackmailers.
1895 Prince Wilhelm von Hapsburg, L.P. Hartley, Rudolph Valentino and J. Edgar Hoover b. Stanislaus Eric, Count Stenbock and Karl Heinrich Ulrichs d. Resignation of Lord Rosebery as English Prime Minister. Oscar Wilde meets Andre Gide in Blidah, Algieria. The Wilde trials. Newspaper Truth attacks Lord Alfred Douglas. George Seymour, 7th Marquis of Hertford settles in Mackay, Australia. Oscar Wilde’s essay ‘The Portrait of Mr W.H’. August Strindberg’s A Mandman’s Defence. Marc-Andre Raffalovich’s L’Affaire Oscar Wilde (published in Paris) and poems The Thread and the Path. Howard Overing Sturgis’s novel All That Was Possible. Kenneth Grahame’s novel The Golden Age. Horatio Forbes Brown’s biography of John Addington Symonds. Edward Carpenter’s pamphlet Homogenic Love and book Love’s Coming of Age, with a chapter on ‘The Intermediate Sex’. Its publisher, T. Fisher Unwin, withdraws after the Wilde trials, so Manchester Labour Press publishes it. George Moore’s novel Celibates. Percy Lancelot Osborn’s short story ‘Saida Effendi’ published in Out of Egypt. The second Yellow Book. Aleister Crowley’s poems Aceldama, a Place to Bury Strangers in: a Philosophical Poem. Walter Blackburn Harte’s poems Meditations in Motley published in Boston. Oscar Wilde’s play The Importance of Being Earnest. Thomas Edison’s film The Gay Brothers, the first film with a gay theme.
1895? George Ives founds Order of Chaeronea.
1896 J.R. Ackerley, Henry de Montherlant, Virgil Thomson and Robert McAlmon b. Frederic, Lord Leighton and Paul Verlaine d. Adolf Brand publishes Der Eigene (The Special), world’s first homosexual journal, in Germany. The third Yellow Book. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Sappho and Socrates. John Addington Symonds’s A Problem in Greek Ethics published. Havelock Ellis’s Sexual Inversion published in Leipzig as Das Kontrare Geschlectsgefuhl. Andre Raffalovich’s Uranisme et Unisexualité published in Paris. Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson’s The Greek View of Life. August Graf von Platen’s diaries published (and in 1900). E.F. Benson’s novel The Babe BA. Lord Roden Noel’s My Sea and Other Poems. John Gambril Nicholson’s poems A Chaplet of Southernwood. A.E. Housman’s poems A Shropshire Lad. Lord Alfred Douglas’s Poems. George Ives’s poems Book of Chains.
1897 Robert McAlmon, Michael Davidson, Thornton Wilder and Sir Henry (‘Chips’) Channon b. Charles John Vaughan d. Magnus Hirschfeld founds Scientific Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanitares Komitee) in Charlotttenberg, Germany, and petitions Reichstag to abolish German Legal Code’s Paragraph 175. Start of German Social Democratic Party (SPD)’s support for abolition of Paragraph 175 in the German Reichstag. George Ives visits Edward Carpenter at Millthorpe. August Strindberg’s Inferno. Havelock Ellis’s Sexual Inversion; its first British edition includes John Addington Symonds’s A Problem in Modern Ethics, but is bought up by Horatio Brown and suppressed. Its second edition brought out without Symonds’s name on title page. Oscar Wilde writes autobiographical De Profundis. George Ives’s poems A Book of Chains, including ‘With Whom, Then, Should I Sleep’. Edward Cracroft Lefroy’s poems published posthumously. William Johnson Cory’s Extracts from the Letters and Journals. Wilfred Austin Gill’s Edward Cracroft Lefroy. The fourth Yellow Book.
1897-1917 Kenneth Searight’s pornographic poem Paidikion
1898 Bertolt Brecht, Beverley Nichols, Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca and Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein b. Poet and editor Joseph William Gleeson White and Aubrey Beardsley d. English Vagrancy Act outlaws importuning or soliciting. George Bedborough, Secretary of the Legitimization League, convicted of selling ‘lewd’ book, Ellis’s Sexual Inversion (2nd edition). Future volumes of Ellis’s work Studies in the Psychology of Sex (of which Sexual Inversion forms Volume 2) all published in the US. Kansas asylum castrates 48 homosexuals. Aberdeen press attacks Frederick Rolfe. Friedrich Krupp commences holidays on Capri. August Strindberg’s Legends. Edward Carpenter’s Some Friends of Walt Whitman: A Study in Sex Psychology. Aleister Crowley’s poems Jephthah and Other Mysteries, Lyrical and Dramatic and White Stains: The Literary Remains of George Archibald Bishop, a Neuropath. Kenneth Grahame’s novel Dream Days. Frederick Rolfe’s Stories Toto Told Me. Gascoigne Mackie’s poems Charmides: or, ‘Oxford Twenty Years Ago’. Arthur Symons’s Aubrey Beardsley.
1899 Sir Noel Coward, diarist Jebb Alexander, Hart Crane, Australian painter Sir William Dobell, Francis Poulenc and Oliver, 2nd Earl Baldwin b. Rev Horatio Alger d. Magnus Hirschfeld starts Yearbook on Sexual Intermediaries (Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen) in Germany. A.W. Clarke’s novel Jaspar Tristram. Lord Alfred Douglas’s poems The City of the Soul.
20TH CENTURY
1900 Julien Green, Professor Newton Arvin and Aaron Copland b. Friedrich Nietzsche, Oscar Wilde and Ernest Dowson d. Reggie Turner forced to leave England. Lord Alfred Douglas attacked by boy’s pimps in Paris. Horatio Forbes Brown’s poems, Drift . George Cecil Ives’s poems Eros’ Throne.
1901 Glenway Wescott, Harry Daley, Sir Norman Hartnell, Marlene Dietrich, Margaret Mead and Wilfrid Blunt b. John Addington Symonds’s A Problem in Modern Ethics published. Percy Lancelot Osborn’s translations of the Greek Anthology in Rose Leaves from Philostratus. American Claude Hartland’s autobiography The Story of a Life. French Jean Lorraine’s novel Monsieur de Phocas. Frederick Rolfe’s novel In His Own Image and Stories Toto Told Me.
1902 Langston Hughes and Francis Otto Matthiessen b. Poet Lionel Johnson d. an alcoholic. Cecil Rhodes, Friedrich Krupp and Samuel Butler d. Suicide of German industrialist Alfred Krupp. Adolf Brand and Benedict Friedlander found an organisation to repeal Paragraph 175 of the German Legal Code. Heinrich Schurtz’s Alterklasse und Mannerbunde: Eine Dorstellung der Grundformen der Gesellschaft. R.H. Sherard’s Oscar Wilde: The Story of an Unhappy Friendship. Edward Carpenter’s collection Iolaus: An Anthology of Friendship. Owen Wister’s novels The Virginian and A Horseman of the Plains. Andre Gide’s novel The Immoralist. Colette’s novel Claudine en ménage. E Knox and Arthur Linton’s A Book of Poems. Lord Roden Noel’s The Collected Poems. Lord Ronald Gower’s Old Diaries.
1903 Forrest Anderson, Marguerite Yourcenar, Countee Cullen, Charles R. Jackson, Rupert Croft-Cooke, Anais Nin, A.L. Rowse, Evelyn Waugh and William Plomer b. Major-General Sir Hector Macdonald’s suicide. Suicide (?) of Quintin Hogg. Frederic William Farrar d. German pamphlet on social problem of sexual inversion. Otto Weininger’s Sex and Character. Gertrude Stein’s unpublished novel Q.E.D. Charles Warren Stoddard’s novel For the Pleasure of His Company: An Affair of the Misty City. Gertrude Stein’s Q.E.D. Arthur Lyon Raile (Edward Perry Warren)’s Itamos: a Volume of Poems.
1904 Christopher Isherwood, Sir John Gielgud, Sir Harold Acton, Angela du Maurier, Harrison Parker Tyler, Cary Grant, Paul Cadmus, Oliver Messel, Mary Renault, Umberto II., King of Italy and Sir Cecil Beaton b. Sir Henry Morton Stanley d. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Berlin’s Third Sex (Berlins drittes Geschlecht) starts Yearbook on Sexual Intermediaries (Jahrbuch fur sexuelle wischenstufen)Benedict Friedlander’s Renaissance des Eros Uranios. Arthur Symons’s Studies in Prose and Verse. Thomas Wright’s Life of Edward Fitzgerald. John Gray’s Last Letters of Aubrey Beardsley. Howard Overing Sturgis’s novel Belchamber. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel Reginald. Charles Warren Stoddard’s novel The Island of Tranquil Delights. Frederick Rolfe (Baron Corvo)’s novel Hadrian VII. E.M. Forster’s short story ‘The Story of a Panic’. Charles Sayle’s three-volume edition of works of Sir Thomas Browne. The Marquis de Sade’s Les Cint Vingt Journees de Sodom published.
1905 Sjovald Cunyngham-Brown, Jared French, Thomas Edward Neil (Tom) Driberg, Greta Garbo, Brian Howard, Sir Michael Tippett, Emlyn Williams and Edward Burra b. Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert and Simeon Solomon d. Henry Paget, Earl of Uxbridge, leaves for Monaco after divorce by wife. German Prince Eulenburg scandal starts. Marc-Andre Raffalovich builds church and clergy house for John Gray in Edinburgh. Sigmund Freud’s Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality published in Vienna. Oscar Wilde’s autobiographical De Profundis. E.M. Forster’s novel Where Angels Fear to Tread. Horace Annesley Vachell’s novel The Hill: A Romance of Friendship. Forrest Reid’s novel The Garden God. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s book of two short stories, Odette d’Antrevernes and A Study in Temperament. American writer Willa Cather’s story ‘Paul’s Case’. AC Benson reprints William Johnson Cory’s poems. John Moray Stuart-Young’s Osrac, the Self-Sufficient and Other Poems, with a Memoir of the Late Oscar Wilde and An Urning’s Love. (Being a Poetic Study of Morbidity,) Osrac, the Self-Sufficient and Other Poems. R.H. Sherard’s memoirs Twenty Years in Paris. The Poems of Ernest Dowson. American Wallace Rice’s poetry compilation The Athlete’s Garland. American Willa Cather’s short stories ‘Paul’s Case’ and ‘The Sculptor’s Funeral’.
1906 Bruce Nugent, John Beresford Fowler, Frederick Prokosch, John Schlesinger, Maurice Sachs, Stephen Tennant, Godfrey Winn, George Davis and Luchino Visconti b. Maximilian Harden begins publishing articles on homosexuality at the German court. Ferdinand Karsch-haack’s Das gleichgeschlechtliche Leben der Kulturvolker (The Homosexual Life of the Civilised Peoples). A.C. Benson’s Walter Pater. Henry David Thoreau’s Journal published in 14 volumes. Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Mayne)’s novel Imre: A Memorandum, America’s first openly gay novel, published privately in Naples. Robert Musil’s German novel Young Torless. Mikhail Alekseyevich Kuzmin’s novel Kril’ya (Wings). Edward Carpenter’s Days with Walt Whitman. John Moray Stuart-Young’s novel Passion’s Peril.
1907 W.H. Auden, John Lehmann, George Platt Lynes, Anthony Blunt, Daphne du Maurier, Sir Laurence Olivier, Lincoln Kirstein, Roger Peyrefitte, T.C. Worsley and Parker Tyler b. Joris-Karl Huysmans and Peter Doyle d. Dublin Castle scandal; theft of Irish Crown Jewels and disgrace of Sir Arthur Vicars and Francis Shackleton; links with Duke of Argyll and Lord Ronald Gower. Friedrich Heinrich, Prince of Prussia, refuses Grand Master of the Knights of St John on grounds of his own homosexuality. German scandal of Philipp, Prinze zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld, General Kuno Count von Moltke and Chancellor Bulow. Havelock Ellis writes of this in socialist journal New Age (141107), saying ‘to be abnormal is not to be unnatural’. Gertrude Stein and Alice B Toklas meet. Oscar Browning leaves King’s College Cambridge. Sir Edmund Gosse’s autobiography, Father and Son. Edward Lear’s Letters. Thomas Wright’s The Life of Walter Pater. E.M. Forster’s novel The Longest Journey. Humphrey Neville Dickinson’s novel Keddy: A Story of Oxford. Russian gay novel Michael Kuzman’s Wings. Alphonsus Joseph-Mary Augustus Montague Summers’s Antinous and Other Poems. Vitagraph’s film The Spy.
1908 Quentin Crisp, Anthony Blunt, Sir Michael Redgrave, Lord David Herbert, James Lees-Milne and Senator Joe McCarthy b. Benedict Friedlander d. Philipp Prinze zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld arrested and first trial. Prosecution of John Henry Mackay (Sagitta) in Germany for volumes extolling same sex love. Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Main)’s The Intersexes: A History of Simisexualism as a Problem in Social Life, the first American survey, published privately. James Blyth’s Edward Fitzgerald and Posh. Cardinal John Henry Newman’s autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua. E.M. Forster’s novel A Room with a View. A.C. Benson’s The Poems of Arthur Christopher Benson. Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff’s poem ‘Evensong and Morwe Song’. Rev. Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Sonnets Songs & Ballads. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems Through Veiled Eyes. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall’s poems A Sheaf of Verses.
1909 Sir Stephen Spender, Samuel Morris Steward, Sir Francis Rose, Lionel ‘Buster’ Crabb and Francis Bacon b. Algernon Charles Swinburne, Renee Vivien (Pauline Mary Tarn) and Charles Warren Stoddard d. First season of the Ballets Russe in Paris. Philipp Prinze zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld’s second trial. Gertrude Stein meets Alice B. Toklas. Charles Webster Leadbeater scandal with Krishnamurti. Edward Carpenter’s The Intermediate Sex. MD O’Brien’s assaults on Edward Carpenter, including Socialism and Infamy: the Homogenic or Comrade Love Exposed. Proust starts A le recherché du temps perdu. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems Out of Hours. Edward Perry Warren (Arthur Lyon Raile)’s The Wild Rose: a Volume of Poems. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems The Seductive Coast. Julia Ellsworth Ford’s Simeon Solomon. Robert Ross’s Aubrey Beardsley. DW Griffith’s film Getting Even. When Women Win.
1910 Jean Genet, Sir Peter Pears, Paul Bowles, Arthur Marshall, Guy Burgess, Peter Coats, George Frederick Green, Samuel Barber, Sir Wilfred Thesiger and Francis Bacon b. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Transvestites (Transvestiten) published in Germany. Edith Ellis’s triple biography of James Hinton, Friedrich Nietzsche and Edward Carpenter, Three Modern Seers. Oscar Browning’s autobiography Memories of Sixty Years. Walter Headlam’s His Letters and Poems. Edith Lees Ellis’s Three Modern Seers. Aleister Crowley’s autobiographical The World’s Tragedy. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel Reginald in Russia. John Gambril Nicholson’s school novel In Carrington’s Duty-Week. EM Forster’s novel Howard’s End. GDH Cole’s poems New Beginnings and the Record. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall’s Poems of the Past and Present. Stravinsky and Diaghilev’s ballet Firebird.
1911 Paul Goodman, Tennessee Williams, Sir Terence Rattigan, Douglas Cooper and Paul Bowles b. Edward Carpenter starts unsuccessful campaign to have all books entered on public catalogue of the British Museum and to make public the list of books available only on special application. Ferdinand Karsch-haack’s Das gleichgeschlechtliche Leben der Naturvolker (Homosexual Life in Primitive Cultures). Ambrose Bierce’s The Devil’s Dictionary. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel The Chronicles of Clovis. George Augustus Moore’s autobiography Ave. D.H. Lawrence’s novel The White Peacock. John Gambril Nicholson’s poems A Garland of Lad’s Love. Publishing of Oscar Wilde Three Times Tried. Edward Lear’s Later Letters. Edmund Gosse’s poem ‘Neurasthenia’ in Collected Poems.
1912 Alan Turing, Patrick White, John Cheever, Barton Mumaw, Fred Urquhart and Harry Hay b. August Strindberg d. English Criminal Law Amendment Act (“The White Slave Trade Act”) sets sentence for importuning and soliciting at 6 months plus flogging for 2nd offence. Thomas Mann’s novel Death in Venice. George Augustus Moore’s autobiography Salve. Cyril Bruyn Andrews attacks major public school vice in Introduction to the Study of Adult Education. William Paine’s Shop Slavery and Emancipation.
1913 Charles Henri Ford, Sir Angus Wilson, Brigadier Michael Calvert, Bishop Mervyn Stockwood, Benjamin Britten (Lord Britten of Aldeburgh), William Inge, Richard Rumbold, Danny Kaye (David Kaminski), James Broughton and Tyrone Power b. Frederick William Rolfe (Baron Corvo) and Ambrose Bierce (?) d. Colonel Alfred Victor Redl commits suicide. Ballet Russe presents Stravinsky and Nijinsky’s Le Sacre du Printemps in Paris. Harold Nicolson marries Vita Sackville-West. Henry James’s autobiography, A Small Boy and Others. E.M. Forster writes Maurice (to 1914). Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Main)’s novel Out of the Sun. Proust publishes novel Du Cote de chez Swann. John Henry Mackay (Sagitta)’s Die Bucher der namenlosen Liebe von Sagitta. Edmund John’s poems The Flute of Sardonyx. Publisher Francis Edwin Murray (H Allen Mair)’s poems Leaves from Love’s Rose. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Passing the Love of Women and Other Poems and In Quest of Love and Other Poems. Diaghilev’s ballet with Nijinsky The Rite of Spring.
1914 Tennessee Williams, William Burroughs, Myles Hildyard, Charles Sebree, Benjamin Britten, Sir Alec Guinness, Charles Hawtrey, Ian Harvey, Gypsy Rose Lee and Colin MacInnes b. Robert Ross v Lord Alfred Douglas libel trial. Founding of the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology (BSSP), with Edward Carpenter as first President. George Ives’s A History of Penal Methods: Criminals, Witches, Lunatics. Robert Graves writes to Edward Carpenter. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Homosexuality of Men and Women (Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes) published in Germany. Edward Carpenter’s Intermediate Types Among Primitive Folk. Christopher Sclater Millard (Stuart Mason)’s Bibliography of Oscar Wilde. Sydney Lomer’s translation of the twelfth book of the Greek Anthology. Victor Plarr’s Ernest Dowson 1888-1897. Lord Alfred Douglas’s Oscar Wilde and Myself. Henry James’s autobiography Notes of a Son and Brother. George Augustus Moore’s autobiography Vale. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel Beasts and Super-Beasts. Gerald Bernard Francis Hamilton (Patrick Weston)’s novel Desert Dreamers. E.M. Forster’s novel Maurice written. D.H. Lawrence’s short story ‘The Prussian Officer’. Gertrude Stein’s Tender Buttons: Objects, Food, Rooms. Lord Alfred Douglas’s poem The Rossiad. Film The Florida Enchantment.
1915 Maurice Denton Welch and Roland Barthes b. James Elroy Flecker and Rupert Brooke d. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall lives with Una Troubridge. BSSP pamphlet The Social Problem of Sexual Inversion. Joseph Conrad’s novel Victory. Cuthbert Wright’s poems One Way of Love. RH Sherard’s The Real Oscar Wilde. DH Lawrences’s novel The Rainbow. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Vainglory.
1916 Viscount Robin Maugham, Rev. Peter Gamble, James Pope-Hennessy, George Melhuish, Harold Norse (Rosen) and John Horne Burns b. Henry James, Field Marshal Earl Kitchener of Khartoum, Lord Ronald Sutherland-Gower, Hector Hugh Munro (Saki) and Edith Lees Ellis d. Humphrey Neville Dickinson killed at the Somme. Arrest and hanging of Sir Roger Casement. Arthur Symons’s essays Figures of Several Centuries. Edward Carpenter’s autobiography My Days and Dreams. John Moray Stuart-Young’s autobiography The Coaster at Home. Thomas Burke’s autobiography Nights in Town: A London Autobiography. Edward Frederic Benson’s novel David Blaize. John Gambril Nicholson’s novel The Romance of a Choir-Boy. George Moore’s novel The Brook Kerith. Leonard Green’s short stories Dream Comrades. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Lays of Love and Life. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Inclinations. Charlie Chaplin’s film Behind the Screen.
1917 Jane Bowles, Donald Vining, Sumner Locke Elliott, Heinz Heger (Josef Kohout), Frankie Howerd, Arthur Laurents, Carson McCullers, John Minton and actor Raymond Burr b. English poet Edmund John d. Homosexuality decriminalised in Soviet Russia. Siegfried Sassoon’s protest against the war and encounter with psychologist WHR Rivers in Craiglockhart. Clemence Dane’s Regiment of Women. Henry James’s autobiography The Middle Years. D.H. Lawrence destroys homosexual treatise ‘Goats and Compasses’. Edmund Gosse’s The Life of Algernon Charles Swinburne. Reginald Farrer’s travel memoir On the Eaves of the World. Edward Carpenter’s Iolaus. Norman Douglas’s novel South Wind. Clemence Dane’s novel Regiment of Women. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Caprice. T.S. Eliot dedicates poem Prufrock and Other Observations to Jean Verdenal (who had d.1915). Siegfried Sassoon’s poems The Old Huntsman.
1918 Leonard Bernstein, Bernard Perlin, James Kirkup, Jerome Robbins and Gordon Heath b. Wilfrid Owen killed in the war. Robbie Ross d. Noel Pemberton Billing attacks ‘Cult of the clitoris’; Maud Allan loses Salome libel trial. Frank Harris’s Oscar Wilde His Life and Confessions. John Moray Stuart-Young’s autobiography The Iniquitous Coaster. American Earl Lind’s Autobiography of an Androgyne. George Augustus Moore’s autobiographical Confessions of a Young Man. ‘A.T. Fitzroy’ (Rose Allatini)’s novel Despised and Rejected published and banned. Gerard Manley Hopkins’s poems published by Robert Bridges. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems The New Chivalry and Other Poems. Vaslav Nijinsky’s autobiographical Cahiers written (to 1919).
Fernando Pessoa’s poems Antinous. Dr. John Leslie Barford’s poems Ladslove Lyrics. By Philebus. Siegfried Sassoon’s poems Counter-attack. Bertolt Brecht’s play Baal.
1919 Wladziu Valentino Liberace, Iris Murdoch, William Morris Meredith, Merle Miller and Paul Berry b. Horace Traubel d. In Germany, Magnus Hirschfeld founds Institute for Sexual Research/Science. Sigmund Freud’s study of Leonardo da Vinci. Nijinski writes Cahiers. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel The Toys of Peace. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Valmouth. George Moore’s novel Avowals. Proust’s novel À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs. Leonard Green’s short stories The Youthful Lover. T.P. Cameron Wilson’s poems Magpies in Picardy. Schoolmaster Arnold W Smith’s poem A Boy’s Absence. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems Candles in Sunshine. Lionel Johnson’s Some Winchester Letters. American Henry Blake Fuller’s novel Bertram Cope’s Year. American Sherwood Anderson’s short story ‘Hands’ in Winesburg, Ohio. Magnus Hirschfeld sponsors film Anders als die Andern.
1920 Montgomery Clift, Donald Windham and Tom of Finland (Touko Laaksonen) b. Howard Overing Sturgis and Reginald Farrer d. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall sues Sir George Fox-Oitt for libel for accusing her of immorality and breaking the Troubridge marriage; she wins but does not contest the appeal. E.F. Benson’s autobiography Our Family Affairs and novel Queen Lucia. Andre Gide’s autobiographical Si le grain ne meurt. D.H. Lawrence’s novel Women in Love. William Paine’s A New Aristocracy of Comradeship. Single issue of British magazine The Quorum: A Magazine of Friendship. Proust’s novel Le Côté de Guermantes (to 1921). Beverley Nichol’s school novel Prelude. Rev. Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems The Romance of Youth and Other Poems. John Moray Stuart-Young’s novel The Soul Slayer. American Waldo Frank’s novel The Dark Mother. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s play The Princess Zoubaroff. Film Anders als die Andern banned in Germany.
1921 Sir Dirk Bogarde and Patricia Highsmith b. Sir John Branston, Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac and Philipp Prinze zu Eulenburg-Hertefeld d. House of Commons passes English New Criminal Law Amendment Bill extending Labouchere amendment to women but it fails in the Lords. Magnus Hisrchfeld convenes first International Congress for Sex Reform in Berlin. Ferdinand Karsch-Haack founds magazine Uranus. Reginald Farrer’s travel memoir The Rainbow Bridge. D.H. Lawrence’s novel Women in Love. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Santal. Proust’s novel Sodome et Gomorrhe (to 1922). Fernando Pessoa’s poems 35 Sonnets. Fabian Strachey Woodley’s poems A Crown of Friendship. English poet, merchant navy Dr John Leslie Barford’s poems Young Things. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems Minor Melodies: Lyrics and Songs. Andre Gide’s novel L’Immoraliste.
1922 Jack Kerouac, Austin Coates, James Barr, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Richard Blackwell b. Marcel Proust d. Virginia Woolf meets Vita Sackville West. Suicide of Lewis ‘Lulu’, Viscount Harcourt. ‘Bishop’ Charles Webster Leadbeater scandal with boys in Sydney. Ferdinand Karsch-Haack’s magazine Uranus closes. George Ives’s booklet The Continued Extension of the Criminal Law. Thomas Burke’s The London Spy: A Book of Town Travels. American Earl Lind’s autobiography The Female Impersonators. D.H. Lawrence’s novel Aaron’s Rod. E.F. Benson’s novel Miss Mapp. George Moore’s novel In Single Strictness. Robert McAlmon’s stories A Hasty Bunch. T.S. Eliot’s poem The Wasteland, an elegy for Jean Verdenal, (who had d. 1915). A.E. Housman’s Last Poems. Charles Philip Castle Kains Jackson’s poems Finibus Cantat Amor. Rev. Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Ralph Rawdon: a Story in Verse. Gertrude Stein’s play Ada published.
1923 Ned Rorem, Francis King, Peter Wildeblood, Franco Zeffirelli, Rev. Malcolm Boyd, Marvin Liebman and Gad Beck b. Lord Farquhar, Katherine Mansfield and Oscar Browning d. Magnus Hirschfeld ends Yearbook on Sexual Intermediaries (Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen). Oscar Browning’s autobiography Memoirs of Later Years. Viscount Esher’s biography of William (Johnson) Cory, Ionicus. Andre Gide’s Corydon. E.M. Forster’s novel A Passage to India. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel The Flower Beneath the Foot. American Carl van Vechten’s novel TheBlind Bow-Boy. E.F. Benson’s novel Colin. Proust’s novel La Prisonnière. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems The True Aristocracy. Publisher Francis Edwin Murray (A Newman)’s poems Rondeaux of Boyhood. English poet, merchant navy Dr John Leslie Barford’s poems Fantasies. John Moray Stuart-Young’s poems Who Buys My Dreams? Countee Cullen’s poem ‘To a Brown Boy’. Film The Soilers.
1924 James Baldwin, John Richardson and Truman Capote b. US Society for Rights to Work founded by Henry Gerber. France’s first gay paper Inversions banned after 5 issues. Edward Carpenter’s BSSP pamphlet Some Friends of Walt Whitman: A Study in Sex Psychology. A.C. Benson’s autobiography Memories and Friends. Andre Gide’s autobiography Si le grain ne meurt. Thomas Burke’s autobiography The Wind and the Rain: A Book of Confessions. Hector Hugh Munro (Saki)’s novel The Square Egg. E.F. Benson’s novel David of Kings. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel Prancing Nigger (Sorrowful in Sunlight). Herman Melville’s novella Billy Budd. Edward Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Main)’s novel Dramatic Stories to be Read Aloud. Vita Sackville West’s Challenge. Anon Catalogue of Selected Books from the Private Library of a Student of Boyhood, published by FE Murray. Charles Philip Castle Kains Jackson’s poems Lysis. American Uranian anthology Men and Boys. Publisher Francis Edwin Murray (A Newman)’s poems From a Lover’s Garden. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s poems Manhood. Carl van Vechten’s novel The Tattooed Countess. E.M. Forster’s novel A Passage to India. Robert McAlmon’s novel The Village. Noel Coward’s play The Vortex.
1925 Yukio Mishima, John Schlesinger, Gore Vidal and Rock Hudson (Roy Harold Scherer) b. A.C. Benson and John Singer Sargent d. Paul Cadmus meets Jared French. Oliver, 2nd Earl Baldwin’s autobiography, Six Prisons and Two Revolutions. Proust’s novel La Fugitive Albertine disparue. E.F. Benson’s novels Mother and Colin II. Robert McAlmon’s novel Distinguished Air. Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems The Tree of Knowledge. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Sacrifice of Youth and A Fable of Love and War. American Carl van Vechten’s novel Firecrackers. Robert McAlmon’s stories The Distinguished Air. Noel Coward’s plays Hay Fever and Easy Virtue. JR Ackerley’s play The Prisoners of War. Countee Cullen’s poem ‘Tableau’.
1926 Alan Ginsberg, John Schlesinger, James Merrill, George Melly, James (Jan) Morris, Edward 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu, Kenneth Williams and Michel Foucault b. Horatio Brown, Rudolph Valentino, Lord Arthur Somerset and Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank d. Samuel Steward visits Rudolph Valentino. George Ives’s B.P.P.S. talk ‘Graeco-Roman View of Youth’ published as pamphlet. Bruce Nugent (Richard Bruce)’s ‘Smoke, Lilies and Jade’ in journal Fire!! published by the Niggerati Manor group (the first published defence of negro homosexual love). Richard le Gallienne’s The Romantic Nineties. John Moray Stuart-Young’s autobiography Johnny Jones Guttersnipe. Forrest Reid’s autobiography Apostate. T.E. Lawrence’s autobiographical Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Beverley Nichols’s autobiography Twenty Five. Olive Schreiner’s From Man to Man. Andre Gide’s novel David. DH Lawrence’s novel The Plumed Serpent. Ronald Firbank’s novel, Concerning the Eccentricities of Cardinal Pirelli. John Henry Mackay (Sagitta)’s Der Puppenjunge. Philip Gillespie Bainbrigge’s obscene Latin dialogue Dialogus. Jocundus: Robertus. Schoolmaster Arnold W Smith’s poems The Isle of Mistorak and Other Poems. Hart Crane’s poems White Buildings.
1927 Roy Cohn, Simon Raven, Peter Nichols and Danny La Rue b. Christopher Sclater Millard d. H.E. Wortham’s Oscar Browning. Harold Nicolson’s memoirs Some People. John Moray Stuart-Young’s autobiography What Does It Matter? Reginald Viscount Esher’s autobiography Cloud-Capp’d Towers. Proust’s novel Le Temps retrouvé. Compton Mackenzie’s novel Vestal Fire. E.F. Benson’s novel Lucia in London. Edward Perry Warren (Arthur Lyon Raile)’s novel A Tale of Pausanian Love. Virginia Woolf’s novel To the Lighthouse. Sir Hugh Seymour Walpole’s novel, Jeremy at Crale: His Friends, His Ambitions and His One Great Enemy. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems The Kingdom within You and Other Poems. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Cloud and the Voice. Philip Gillespie Bainbrigge’s verse play Achilles in Scyros. Mae West’s play Drag. Film Gesetze der Liebe. Stan Laurel’s film With Love and Hisses.
1928 Andy Warhol b. Edward Perry Warren (Arthur Lyon Raile), John Francis Bloxam, Sir Edmund Gosse, George Merrill, Sir James Tynte Agg Gardner MP and Alfred J Cohen (Alan Dale) d. Second International Congress for Sex Reform in Copenhagen. World League for Sexual Reform established with Magnus Hirschfeld, with August Forel and Havelock Ellis as honorary presidents. British section of the League founded with Norman Haire chairman and Dora Russell secretary. Stephen Spender meets Christopher Isherwood. Christopher Isherwood arrives in Berlin. Edward Perry Warren’s essay The Defense of Uranian Love. Jean Cocteau’s The White Paper (Le Livre blanc). Christopher Isherwood’s novel All the Conspirators. Virginia Woolf’s novel Orlando. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall’s novel Well of Loneliness; obscenity trial and book banned. Siegfried Sassoon’s novel Memoirs of a Fox Hunting Man. Alec Waugh’s novel The Loom of Youth causes scandal at Sherborne School. Claude McKay’s novel Home to Harlem. Benjamin Musser’s novel The Strange Confessions of Monsieur Montcairn. E.K. Linton’s poems Opals and Pebbles. Edward Perry Warren (Arthur Lyon Raile)’s Defence of Uranian Love. American Uranian anthology Lads o’ the Sun. AJA Symons’s An Anthology of Nineties Verse. Alec Waugh’s novel The Loom of Youth published to scandal.
1929 Poet Thom Gunn, John Osborne, Adrienne Rich, Jeremy Thorpe and Nigel Hawthorne b. Henry Scott Tuke, Edward Carpenter, Archibald, 5th Earl of Rosebery and Sergei Diaghilev d. Third International Congress for Sex Reform in London. Lord Alfred Douglas’s Autobiography. Norman Douglas’s autobiographical One Day. W. Somerset Maugham’s autobiographical The Gentleman in the Parlour. Virginia Woolf’s novel A Room of One’s Own. Stephen Spender’s novel The Temple written. Jean Cocteua’s novel Children of the Game. Edward Carpenter’s final version of poem Towards Democracy. Rev Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Strangers and Pilgrims. Countee Cullen’s poem ‘The Black Christ’. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s An Appendix. Noel Coward’s play Bitter Sweet. GW Pabst’s film Pandora’s Box. Marguerite Yourcenar’s film Alexis. Laurel and Hardy’s film Liberty.
1930 Harvey Milk, Stephen Sondheim, Howard Brodkey, and Martin Bauml Duberman b. Reginald Brett, 2nd Viscount Esher, D.H. Lawrence, Ned 5th Earl of Lathom and Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff d. Fourth International Congress for Sex Reform in Vienna. Anthony Blunt meets Guy Burgess at Cambridge. William Roughead’s true crime stories Bad Companions. E.F. Benson’s autobiography As We Were. Jean Cocteau’s Opium. Julien Green’s novel L’Autre Sommeil. Evelyn Waugh’s novel Vile Bodies. Samuel Steward’s short stories and poems Pan and the Fire-bird. Siegfied Sassoon’s novel Memoirs of an Infantry Officer. Rev. Edwin Emmanuel Bradford’s poems Boyhood. Rev. Samuel Elsworth Cottam closes the Uranian poets with poems Cameos of Boyhood. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s Songs of Mankind and The Book of Visions of Nature and Supernature, Solar and Lunar. Hart Crane’s poem The Bridge. Noel Coward’s play Private Lives. Marlene Dietrich’s film Morocco.
1931 Alvin Ailey, Tab Hunter (Arthur Andrew Kelm), Ned Sherrin and James Byron Dean b. John Gambril Francis Nicholson and Baron Wilhelm von Gloeden d. William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp, goes abroad to avoid scandal when divorced by wife. The Hon Evan Charteris’s The Life and Letters of Sir Edmund Gosse. Norman Douglas’s Paneros. Sir William Rothenstein’s memoirs Men and Memories: 1872-1900. Air-Commodore LEO Charlton’s autobiography Charlton. W. Graham Robertson’s autobiography Life Was Worth Living. Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff’s Memories and Letters. William Plomer’s novel Sado. Blair Niles’s novel Strange Brother. Andre Tellier’s novel Twilight Men. James Hanley’s novel Boy published and banned after obscenity trial. John Henry Mackay’s novella Der Unschuldige. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Sunday Spirit: A Visionary Phantasy. John Gray’s Poems. WH Auden’s poems Legend. Leontine Sagan’s film Mädchen in Uniform. Jean Cocteau’s film The Blood of the Poet.
1932 John Osborne, Manuel Puig, Michael Rumaker and Anthony Perkins b. Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, Lytton Strachey and Kenneth Grahame d. Hart Crane commits suicide. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Poland. Fifth International Congress for Sex Reform in Brno. French Sexological Society founded. JR Ackerley’s autobiographical Hindoo Holiday. Oliver, Earl Baldwin’s autobiography The Questing Beast. Sir William Rothenstein’s memoirs Men and Memories: 1900-1922. Christopher Isherwood’s novel The Memorial. W. Somerset Maugham’s novel The Narrow Corner. Noel Coward’s song ‘Mad About the Boy’. Film Call Her Savage.
1933 Joe Orton, Colin Spencer and Lorenzo Milam b. Stefan George, Constantin Cavafy, George Augustus Moore, Theodore William Graf Wratislaw, Hart Crane, Charles Kains Jackson, John Henry Mackay (Sagitta), Susan Sontag and John Le Gay Brereton d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Denmark. Nazis destroy Institute for Sexual Science in Berlin. Havelock Ellis’s Psychology of Sex. The World League for Sexual Reform publishes one edition of the journal Sexus, which is burned by the Nazis. Gertrude Stein’s The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. Oliver, 2nd Earl Baldwin’s autobiographical Unborn Son. Ivy Compton-Burnett’s novel More Women than Men. American Robert Scully’s novel A Scarlet Pansy. Americans Charles Henri Ford and Parker Tyler’s novel The Young and the Evil published and banned. Richard Rumbold’s novel The Little Victims causes scandal and RC church refuses him communion. Christa Winsloe’s novel The Child Manuela. American Richard Meeker’s novel Better Angel. American ‘Kennilworth Bruce’’s novels Goldie and Butterfly Man. Noel Coward’s play Design for Living. Gary Cooper and Franklin Pangborn in film Design for Living. Gretta Garbo’s film Queen Christina.
1934 Alan Bennett, Russell Harty, John Rechy, Eric Hebborn and Richard Chamberlain b. Marc-Andre Raffalovich, Charles Webster Leadbeater and John Henry Gray d. Murder of Ernst Roehm in night of the Long Knives. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Uruguay, recriminalised in the USSR. Henry Gerber’s essay ‘In Defense of Homosexuality’ in The Modern Thinker. Norman Douglas’s autobiography Looking Back. Maurice Brett’s Journals and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher (4 vols to 1938). A.J.A. Symons’s The Quest for Corvo. Frederick Rolfe (Baron Corvo)’s novel The Desire and Pursuit of the Whole. E.F. Benson’s novel The Raven’s Brood. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s novel The Artificial Princess. Louis Umfreville Wilkinson (Louis Marlow)’s novel Swan’s Milk. Dr John Leslie Barford’s poems Whimsies. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Heavenly Cupid. Ernest Dowson’s Poetical Works. Film The Gay Divorcee.
1935 Tom Wakefield, Peter Moss, Elliott Tiber and Larry Kramer b. T.E. Lawrence, Magnus Hirschfeld and Violet Paget (Vernon Lee) d. Sigmund Freud writes to a mother saying homosexuality is ‘nothing to be ashamed of, no vice, no degradation, it cannot be classified as an illness.’ Maurice Denton Welch injured in road accident. Magnus Hirschfeld’s Women East and West. Peter Quennell’s Byron; the Years of Fame, the first biography to openly describe Byron’s bisexuality. James Agate’s diary Ego-1. Christopher Isherwood’s novel Mr Norris Changes Trains. James Hanley’s novel A Passion before Death. E.F. Benson’s novels Mapp and Lucia and Lucia’s Progress. Henry James’s story The Turn of the Screw. Lord Alfred Douglas’s poems Lyrics and Sonnets. Poet John Gawsworth publishes selection of Theodore William Graf Wratislaw’s poems. Film Top Hat.
C 1935 British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology wound up.
1936 Daryl Hine and Graham David Smith b. A.E. Housman, Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca and Mikhail Alekseyevich Kuzmin d. Prosecution and conviction of Michael Davidson. John Lehmann starts journal New Writing. James Agate’s diary Ego-2. Oliver, 2nd Earl Baldwin’s autobiographical Oasis. Mark Benney (Henry Ernest Degras)’s autobiographical Low Company, Describing the Evolution of a Burglar. Djuna Barnes’s novel Nightwood. Samuel Steward’s novel Angels on the Bough. Siegfried Sassoon’s novel Sherston’s Progress. A.E. Housman’s More Poems. WH Auden’s poems Funeral Blues. William Wyman and Lillian Hellman’s film The Children’s Hour censored and re-appeared as These Three. Dracula’s Daughter.
1937 Alan Helms, David Hockney, Sir Antony Sher, Kenneth Pai Hsien-yung, Dr. Tom Waddell and Paul Bailey b. James Matthew Barrie d. Samuel Steward visits Lord Alfred Douglas and Andre Gide, meets Thornton Wilder. Paiul Cadmus, Jared French and Margaret Hoening form photographic collective PAJAMA on Fire Island. Noel Coward’s autobiography Present Indicative. Gerald Hamilton’s autobiography As Young as Sophocles. Laurence Housman’s autobiography The Unexpected Years. Claude McKay’s autobiographical A Long Way from Home (1937). Siegfried Sassoon’s The Complete Memoirs of George Sherston published together. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s Water Cherubs. Tyron Power in film Thin Ice.
1938 Rudolph Nureyev b. William Lygon 7th Earl Beauchamp d. in New York. Reggie Turner d. in Italy. Samuel Steward meets Charles Sebree. Christopher Isherwood and WH Auden decide to emigrate to the USA. Siegfried Sassoon’s autobiography The Old Century and Seven More Years. W. Somerset Maugham’s autobiographical The Summing Up. Robert McAlmon’s autobiographical Being Geniuses Together. Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas’s autobiography Without Apology. James Agate’s diary Ego-3. Lawrence Durrell’s novel The Black Book. Christopher Isherwood’s novel Lions and Shadows. Fred Urquhart’s novel, Time Will Knit.
1939 Sal Mineo, Arthur Bell, Nicholas Haslam, Michael Kirby, Dusty Springfield (Mary O’Brien), Ray Gosling and Sir Ian McKellen b. British section of the World League for Sexual Reform goes into abeyance at outset of war. Christopher Isherwood and WH Auden go to the US. Auden meets Chester Kallman. Samuel Steward meets Cecil Beaton and Sir Francis Rose. Siegfried Sassoon’s autobiography The Old Century. Sir John Gielgud’s autobiography Early Stages. Sir William Rothenstein’s memoirs Since Fifty: Men and Memories: 1922-1938. Sir Edward Marsh’s reminiscences A Number of People. Christopher Isherwood’s novel Goodbye to Berlin. E.F. Benson’s novel Trouble for Lucia. Marguerite Yourcenar’s novel Coup de Grace. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Secret Country: or, Tales of Vision. Victor Fleming’s film The Wizard of Oz. George Cukor’s film The Women.
1940 Arnie Kantrowitz, Bruce Chatwin, Barney Frank, David Plante, Rev. Troy Leroy Perry, Sir Cliff Richard (Rodger Webb) and Edmund White b. Edward Frederic Benson and General Robert Baden-Powell d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Iceland. George Davis founds February House commune in New York. John Lehmann’s journal New Writing ends. Lord Alfred Douglas’s Oscar Wilde: A Summing-Up (1940). E.F. Benson’s autobiography Final Edition. Mathematician G.H. Hardy’s memoir A Mathematician’s Apology. Forrest Reid’s autobiography Private Road. Claude McKay’s autobiographical Harlem: Negro Metropolis. James Agate’s diary Ego-4. Carson McCullers’s novel The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Glenway Wescott’s novella The Pilgrim Hawk. Fred Urquhart’s stories, I Fell for a Sailor.
1941 Robert Ferro and Stan Persky b. General Lord Robert Baden-Powell and Sir Hugh Walpole d. Virginia Woolf commits suicide. Sir Paul Latham MP disgraced for homosexual offences in the Army. Magnus Hirschfeld’s The Sexual History of the World War published in German. Angela du Maurier’s novel The Little Less. Harlan McIntosh’s novel This Finer Shadow. Carson McCullers’s novel Reflections in a Golden Eye. Peter Lorre in film The Maltese Falcon.
1942 Samuel R. Delany, David Marquette Kopay, Deirdre (Donald) McCloskey and Derek Jarman b. Edward Irenaeus Prime-Stevenson (Xavier Mayne) d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in all Swiss cantons. A.L. Rowse’s autobiography A Cornish Childhood. W. Somerset Maugham’s autobiographical Strictly Personal. Siegfried Sassoon’s autobiography The Weald of Youth. James Agate’s diary Ego-5. Evelyn Waugh’s novel Put Out More Flags. Luchino Visconti’s film Ossessione.
1943 Reinaldo Arenas, Simon Le Vay, Richie McMullen, Lou Read, Alfred Corn, Technical Sgt. Leonard B. Matlovich, Michael Bennett (DiFiglia) and Billy Jean King b. Marguerite Radclyffe Hall d. Sumner Welles forced to resign as US Under Secretary of State due to investigation into his homosexuality. William Plomer’s autobiography Double Lives. Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt starts autobiography Left Hand Right Hand. Gore Vidal’s A Novel. Jean Genet’s novel Notre-Dame des Fleurs. Maurice Denton Welch’s novel Maiden Voyage. John Cheever’s novel The Way Some People Live. Frank Clare (Professor Fred Clayton)’s novel The Cloven Pine.
1944 Richard Rodriguez, Andrew Holleran (Eric Garber), Armistead Maupin, Felice Picano, Witi Ihimaera and Australian singer and songwriter Peter Allen b. R. Nichols, Rev. Edwin Emanuel Bradford, Dame Ethel Mary Smyth, Maurice Sachs and Sir Edmund Backhouse d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Sweden. Kerouac, Ginsberg and Burroughs meet. James Agate’s diary Ego-6. Mark Longaker’s Ernest Dowson. Carmen Miranda and William Bendix in film Greenwich Village.
1945 Paul Monette, Terence Davies, Peter Burton, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Denis Lemon, Jeffrey Weeks, J.D. McClatchy, John Preston and Divine (Harris Glenn Milstead) b. Lord Alfred Douglas, Sir William Rothenstein, Thomas Burke, Maurice Sachs, Russell Cheney, Arthur Symons and Marguerite Radclyffe Hall d. Adolf Hitler commits suicide. Siegfried Sassoon’s autobiography Siegfried’s Journey. Gerald, Lord Berners’s autobiography A Distant Prospect. Godfrey Winn’s autobiographical Home from the Sea. James Agate’s diary Ego-7. Maurice Denton Welch’s novel In Youth is Pleasure. Evelyn Waugh’s novel Brideshead Revisited. Robin Maugham’s novel Come to Dust. American William Maxwell’s novel The Folded Leaf. Sexual confusion cut from film The Lost Weekend. Joan Crawford in Michael Curtiz’s film Mildred Pierce.
1945 Samuel Elsworth Cottam d.
1946 John Waters, Renaud Camus, Robert Mapplethorpe, Lawrence D. Mass, David Mixner and Freddie Mercury (Frederick Bulsara) b. Gertrude Stein, John Maynard Keynes and Countee Cullen d. Homophile organisation COC formed in the Netherlands. Andre Gide wins Nobel prize for literature. Hesketh Pearson’s The Life of Oscar Wilde. Sir Osbert Sitewll Bt’s autobiography The Scarlet Tree. Maurce Sachs’s memoir Le Sabbat. Souvenirs d’une jeunesse orageuse. Christopher Isherwood’s novel Prater Violet. Carson McCullers’s novel Member of the Wedding. Charles Jackson’s novel The Fall of Valor. Gore Vidal’s novel Williwaw. Charles R. Jackson’s novel The Fall of Valor.
1947 Andrew Tobias, David Bowie, John Boswell, Jeremy Norman, Gianni Versace and Sir Elton John (Reginald Kenneth Dwight) b. Aleister Crowley, Forrest Reid, James Agate, G.H. Hardy and Willa Cather d. Norman Haire revives the Sex Education Society (the renamed British section of the World League for Sexual Reform) with himself as president. Alec J. Comryn’s autobiographical Your Policemen are Wondering. Robert Hichens’s autobiography Yesterday. Forrest Reid’s autobiography The Apostate. Godfrey Winn’s autobiographical Going My Way. James Agate’s diary Ego-8. Stuart Engstrand’s novel The Sling and the Arrow. John Horne Burns’s novel The Gallery. Calder Willingham’s novel End as a Man. Gore Vidal’s novel In a Yellow Wood. Francis King’s novel Never Again. Willard Motley’s novel Knock On Any Door. James Kirkup’s poems The Drowned Sailor. Gay bashing cut from film Crossfire.
1948 Alan Bray, Christopher Hampton, Lars Eighner, Allan Warren and John D’Emilio b. Maurice Denton Welch, Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein, W. Graham Robertson, Claude McKay and Montague Summers d. Prince Wilhelm von Hapsburg murdered by the Russians in the Ukraine. Homophile group Forbundet af 1948 (“League of 1948″), founded by Axel Axgil in Denmark. Homophile group ‘Bachelors for Wallace’ founded in California to support Progressive Party candidate for President, Henry Wallace. Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck moves to Marrakech. Norman Haire starts Journal of Sex Education in the UK. First Kinsey report, Sexual Behaviour of the Human Male published in the US. H. Montgomery Hyde’s The Trials of Oscar Wilde. Sir Harold Acton’s autobiography Memoirs of an Aesthete. Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt’s autobiography Great Morning. James Agate’s diary Ego-9. Gore Vidal’s novel The City and the Pillar. Truman Capote’s novel Other Voices, Other Rooms. American Hubert Creekmore’s novel The Welcome. Robin Maugham’s novel The Servant. Francis King’s novel The Air that Kills. George Frederick Green’s novel Land without Heroes. Yukio Mishima’s novel Confessions of a Mask published in Japan as Kamen no Kokuhaku. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Child of Dawn: or, the Book of the Manchild. John Wayne’s film Red River starring John Ireland and Montgomery Clift. James Stewart in Alfred Hitchcock’s film Rope.
1949 Simon Callow, Paul Gambaccini, Pedro Almodovar, Jaime Manrique, Matthew Parris, Ethan Mordden and Brad Davis b. Homophile group Forbundet af 1948 (“League of 1948″), founded in Sweden. Dane Helmer Fogedgaard publishes magazine Vennen (The Friend) from until 1953. Alfred Kinsey meets Samuel Steward and Glenway Wescott. Roger Peyrefitte’s biography of Baron Gloeden, Les amours singulieres. Richard Rumbold’s autobiography My Father’s Son. Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt’s autobiography Laughter in the Next Room. Christopher Isherwood’s travel journal The Condor and the Cows. John Maynard Keynes’s memoirs Two Memoirs. W. Somerset Maugham’s autobiographical A Writer’s Notebook. Godfrey Winn’s autobiographical The Bend of the River. Gore Vidal’s novel The Season of Comfort. Ivy Compton-Burnett’s novel Two Worlds and their Ways. Robin Maugham’s novel the Intruder. Nial Kent’s novels The Divided Path and The Bitterweed Path. Ward Thomas’s novel Stranger in the Land. Michael de Forrest’s novel The Gay Year. John Horne Burns’s novel Lucifer with a Book. Jean Genet’s novel Journal du voleur. Sir Angus Wilson’s short stories The Wrong Set.
1950 Timothy Peter Mo, Tim Dlugos and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick b. George Cecil Ives, Robert Hichens, Nijinski and Gerald, Lord Berners d. Francis Otto Matthiessen comits suicide. Senator Joseph McCarthy’s speech identifies ‘205 communists in State Department.’ US State Department announces firing of 91 homosexuals and issues document ‘Employment of Homosexuals and other Sex Perverts in Government’. FBI commences surveillance of homosexuals. The Swedish Forbundet af 1948 independent under the name Riksförbundet för sexuellt likaberättigande (RFSL, “Federation for Sexual Equality”) led by Allan Hellman. US Mattachine Society founded in Los Angeles by Harry Hay and others from ‘Bachelors for Wallace’. Faith Compton Mackenzie’s William Cory: A Biography. Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt’s autobiography Noble Essences: A Book of Characters. Gertrude Stein’s novel Q.E.D. first published as Things As They Are. Maurice Denton Welch’s novel A Voice through a Cloud. James Barr’s novel Quatrefoil. Lohen Wahl’s novel The Invisible Glass. Thomas Hal Phillips’s novel The Bitterweed Path. Sir Angus Wilson’s short stories Such Darling Dodos. Jean Genet’s film Un Chant d’amour. Jean Marais in Jean Cocteau’s film Orphee. Film Caged. Bette Davis in Joseph L Mankiewicz’s film All About Eve.
1951 Randy Shilts, Steve Gunderson, David Michael Pallone and Bernard Cooper b. Andre Gide, Benjamin Musser, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Ivor Novello d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Greece and Jordan. British diplomats Guy Burgess and Donald MacLean defect to the USSR. Alfred Kinsey’s affair with Glenway Wescott. Donald Webster Cory [Edward Sagarin]’s The Homosexual in America: A Subjective Approach. Sir Stephen Spender’s autobiography World Within World. Marguerite Yourcenar’s novel Memoirs of Hadrian. Robin Maugham’s novel The Rough and the Smooth. Yukio Mishima’s novel Forbidden Colours published in Japan as Kinchiki. Carson McCullers’s novel The Ballad of the Sad Cafe. Fritz (Arthur Andersen) Peter’s novel Finistere. Paul Goodman’s novel Parents’ Day. John Horne Burns’s novel A Cry of Children. Jean Genet’s novel Le Miracle de la rose. Truman Capote’s novel The Grass Harp.
1952 Harvey Fierstein, Gus Van Sant, Christopher Bram, Michael Cunningham, David Halperin, John Paul Gaultier, Peter Tatchell, Glenn Burke, Brad Gooch and Michael Barrymore b. Norman Haire and Norman Douglas d. Canada immigration law bans gay men. Roman Catholic Church places all Andre Gide’s books on the Index of Forbidden Books. US homophile organisation One, Inc formed with magazine ONE. Samuel Steward visits Julien Green and meets George Platt Lynes. Brigadier Michael Calvert publishes autobiographical Prisoners of Hope and is court-martialled accused of homosexual offences in Germany and dismissed the service. British Sunday Pictorial publishes a series on homosexuality entitled ‘Evil Men’. Church of England Moral Welfare Council initiates a study of homosexuality. End of the British Journal of Sex Education. American Psychiatric Association’s first The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual lists homosexuality as a socio-pathic personality disturbance. Gordon Westwood (Michael Schofield)’s Society and the Homosexual. Jean Paul Sartre’s Saint Genet. Violet Trefusis’s autobiography Don’t Look Around. The Journals of Denton Welch. Angus Wilson’s novel Hemlock and After. American John Horne Burns’s novel A Cry of Children. Patricia Highsmith’s novel Carol published as The Price of Salt. Daphne du Maurier’s novel My Cousin Rachel.
1953 Mark Doty, Peter Mandelson and Christopher Fowler b. John Horne Burns and Sir Edward Marsh d. Labour MP William T Field guilty of soliciting and resigns seat. Tory MP Ian Horabin disgraced for homosexuality. Trials of Lord Montagu of Beaulieu, Peter Wildeblood and Michael Pitt-Rivers (to 1954). Sir John Gielgud arrested in Chelsea lavatory and convicted. Rupert Croft-Cooke and Joseph Alexander imprisoned in England. US Evelyn Hooker begins gay research. US President Eisenhower issues Executive Order 101405 making ‘sexual perversion’ reason for blocking federal employment. Roy Cohn becomes US Senator Joe McCarthy’s chief counsel. Second Kinsey report. US Mattachine Society magazine One Mattachine Review published out of San Francisco. E.M. Forster’s The Hill of Devi. Tom Driberg MP’s diary The Best of Both Worlds. James Baldwin’s novel Giovanni’s Room. L.P. Hartley’s novel The Go-Between. American William Talsman’s novel The Gaudy Image. Jean Genet’s novel Querelle de Brest. John Horne Burns’s novel A Cry of Children. William Burroughs’s novel Junky. Louis Umfreville Wilkinson (Louis Marlow)’s novel Seven Friends. Theodore Sturgeon’s science fiction story ‘The World Well Lost’ published in Universe Science Fiction. J.D. Salinger’s story ‘Seymour: An Introduction’, in Nine Stories. Iain Fletcher’s The Complete Poems of Lionel Johnson. Ben Gazzara and James Dean in Calder Willingham’s play End As A Man. Tennessee Williams’s play Camino Real. Film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.
1954 Alan Hollinghurst, Michael Nava, Neil Tennant, Boze Hadleigh (George Hadleigh-Garcia) and Ang Lee b. Alan Turing commits suicide. Sidonie Gabrielle Colette d. Church of England Moral Welfare Council’s report The Problem of Homosexuality. French homophile organisation Arcadie formed. British Wolfenden Committee starts work. Senator Joe McCarthy censured by US Senate. Evelyn Hooker gets a grant from US National Institute for Mental Health to study homosexuality. Richard Aldington’s memoir of Norman Douglas, Pinorman. Noel Coward’s autobiography Future Indefinite. David Garnett’s autobiography The Golden Echo. Naomi Jacob’s autobiographical Me – Likes and Dislikes. Francis King’s novel The Dark Glasses. Christopher Isherwood’s novel The World in the Evening. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s Flames of Sunrise: a Book of the Man Child Concerning the Redemption of Albion.
1955 Paul O’Grady, Dale Winton, Leslie Allen Jordan and Colm Toibin b. James Byron Dean, Horace Annesley Vachell, George Platt Lynes and Thomas Mann d. U.S. Boise scandal in the US commences (to 1957). Daughters of Billitis founded; they publish journal The Ladder. Psychologist D.J. West’s Homosexuality. J.T. Rees’s They Stand Apart: A Critical Survey of Homosexuality. Derrick Bailey’s Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition. Peter Wildeblood’s autobiographical Against the Law. Rupert Croft-Cooke’s A Verdict of You All. T.E. Lawrence’s autobiography The Mint. Sir Norman Hartnell’s autobiography Silver and Gold. John Lehmann’s autobiography Whispering Gallery. David Garnett’s autobiography The Flowers of the Forest. Godfrey Winn’s autobiographical One Man’s Dog. Lonnie Colman’s novel Ship’s Company. Robin Maugham’s novel Behind the Mirror. Patricia Highsmith’s novel The Talented Mr. Ripley. Eric Jordan’s novel Les mauvais anges. Pier Paolo Pasolini’s novel Ragazzi di vita. Allen Ginsberg’s poem Howl. William Plomer’s Borderline Ballads. James Dean and Sal Mineo in Nicholas Ray’s film Rebel Without a Cause. Jack Garfein’s film adaptation of End As A Man, The Strange One planned with James Dean.
1956 Martina Navratilova, David Sedaris and David B. Feinberg b. Sir Max Beerbohm, Robert McAlmon, Bertolt Brecht, Alfred Kinsey, Lionel ‘Buster’ Crabb and Robert McAlmon d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Thailand. Evelyn Hooker delivers paper ‘The Adjustment of the Male Overt Homosexual’ at the APA in Chicago. Peter Wildeblood’s A Way of Life. Gerald Hamilton’s autobiography Mr Norris and I. Tom Driberg’s biography Guy Burgess: A Portrait with Background. Compton Mackenzie’s novel Thin Ice. Angus Wilson’s novel Anglo-Saxon Attitudes. Francis King’s novel The Firewalkers. Gerald Tesch’s novel Never the Same Again. Rupert Croft-Cooke’s novel The Tangerine House. Film Tea and Sympathy.
1957 Marc Almond, Governor James McGreevey, James Kenneth Melson and Stephen Fry b. F.S. Woodley, George Davis, Kenneth Searight and Senator Joe McCarthy d. James Whale and John Minton commit suicide. British Wolfenden report published and debated in the Lords. Evelyn Hooker publishes results of her study of homosexuality in Journal of Projective Techniques to 1959. James Kirkup’s autobiography The Only Child. Nancy Mitford’s novel The Blessing. Francis King’s novel The Man on the Rock. Jack Kerouac’s novel On the Road. James Baldwin’s novel Giovanni’s Room. Colin MacInnes’s novel City of Spades. Hubert Selby Jr.’s novel Last Exit to Brooklyn. Evelyn Waugh’s novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold. Peter Wildeblood’s novel The Main Chance. John Cheever’s novel The Wapshot Chronicles. Martyn Goff’s novel The Plaster Fabric. Nancy Mitford’s novel The Blessing. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s Treasure Trove: Early Tales and Romances with Poems. Sal Mineo in film Dino.
1958 Tim Miller, Ellen Degeneres and Neil Bartlett b. Tyrone Power, Oliver, 2nd Earl Baldwin, Brian Howard and Sir Henry (‘Chips’) Channon d. Wolfenden report debated in the British House of Commons. Minister Ian Harvey MP prosecuted for gross indecency and resigns. Homosexual Law Reform Society (HLRS) founded in the United Kingdom by AE Dyson (vice chairman) and Rev Andrew Hallidie Smith (secretary); chairman sexologist Kenneth Walker. Albany Trust founded as the HLRS charity arm. British Lord Chamberlain lifts ban on plays with gay themes. Prosecution in San Francisco of owner of City Lights Bookstore for selling Alan Ginsberg’s poem Howl. Dr. Eustace Chesser’s Live and Let Live: The Morality of the Wolfenden Report. Robert Hutton’s autobiography Of Those Alone. Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein’s Memoirs. Beverley Nichols’s memoir The Sweet and Twenties. Michael Nelson’s novel A Room in Chelsea Square. Sir Angus Wilson’s novel The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot. Franc Marcus’s novel The Killing of Sister George. Dennis Murphy’s novel The Sergeant. Truman Capote’s novel Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Robin Maugham’s novel The Man with Two Shadows. Iris Murdoch’s novel The Bell. Peter Wildeblood’s novel West End People.
1959 Rupert Everett, Tony Kushner, Chris Lowe, Jeanette Winterson, Carl Phillips and Timothy Conigrave b. Laurence Housman d. British Obscene Publications Act allows artistic merit and social importance to be considered. Dr. Eustace Chesser’s Odd Man Out: Homosexuality in Men and Women. Sir Roger Casement’s Black Diaries 1903-1910. James Kirkup’s autobiography Sorrows, Passions and Alarms. John Lehmann’s autobiography I Am My Brother. Mary Renault’s novel The Charioteer. William Burrough’s novel Naked Lunch. Colin MacInnes’s novel Absolute Beginners. John Knowles’s novel A Separate Peace. Edwina Mark’s novel The Sinful One. Pier Paolo Pasolini’s novel Una vita violenta. Jean Genet’s play Les Negres. Rock Hudson’s film Pillow Talk. Gore Vidal script writes film Ben Hur. Tony Curtis and Jack Lemmon in Billy Wilder’s film Some Like it Hot. Elizabeth Taylor, Katharine Hepburn and Montgomery Clift in Joseph L Mankiewicz’s film Suddenly Last Summer.
1960 Ru Paul (Andre Charles), John Galliano, Holly Johnson, Alan Li, Greg Louganis, Kenny Fries and Julian Clary b. Ralph Nicholas Chubb d. British Homosexual Law Reform Society (HLRS)’s first public meeting at Caxton Hall; publishes pamphlet ‘Homosexuality and the Law’. Labour MP Kenneth Robinson’s proposal to action Wolfenden report defeated in the Commons. Rainer Werner Fassbinder comes out to his father. Professor Newton Arvin forced to resign at Smith University. Trial of Lady Chatterley’s Lover. Michael Schofield’s A Minority. John Morris’s autobiography Hired to Kill. Maurice Sachs’s autobiography Le Sabbat. Lionel Fielden’s memoir The Natural Bent. Janet Hitchman’s memoir The King of the Barbareens. Colin MacInnes’s novel Mr Love and Justice. J.R. Ackerley’s novel We Think the World of You. Yukio Mishima’s novel Confessions of a Mask translated. Rev. Samuel Elsworth Cottam’s Friends of My Fancy and Other Poems. Jean Genet’s play Le Balcon. Stanley Kubrick’s film Spartacus. Robert Morley in Gregory Ratoff’s film Oscar Wilde. Peter Finch in Ken Hughes’s film The Trials of Oscar Wilde, based on John Furnell’s play The Stringed Lute. Yukio Mishima’s film Patriotism.
1961 Todd Haynes, Justin Fashanu, David Leavitt, k.d. lang, Jimmy Somerville, Jake Arnott, Scott O’Hara and Boy George b. Richard Rumbold and Sumner Welles d. Illinois the first US state to decriminalise homosexuality. Hollywood Production Code revised to allow portrayal of homosexuals ‘with care, discretion and restraint.’ Jose Sarria first openly gay man to run (unsuccessfully) for US office on San Francisco Board of Supervisors. British Albany Trust starts journal Man and Society. Lady Una Trounbridge’s The Life and Death of Radclyffe Hall. Simon Raven’s The English Gentleman. Emlyn Williams’s autobiography George. Sir Francis Rose’s autobiography Saying Life: The Memoirs of Sir Francis Rose. Ralph Nicholas Chubb’s The Golden City with idylls and Allegories. Clark Gable and Montgomery Clift in film The Misfits. Rita Tushingham and Murray Melvin in Tony Richardson’s film A Taste of Honey. Dirk Bogarde in Basil Dearden’s film The Victim.
1962 Patrick Gale, Charles Karel Boulay, Frank DeCaro, Aaron Fricke and Jamie O’Neill b. Vita Sackville West and Eleanor Roosevelt d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Czechoslovakia and Hungary. Labour MP Leo Abse proposes bill to decriminalise some aspects of homosexuality; defeated in the Commons. San Francisco bar owners form Tavern Guild to resist attacks by authorities. US Irving Bieber et al report of homosexual men in psychoanalysis. In UK, homosexual William Vassall convicted of spying and Admiralty Minister Thomas Galbraith resigns. Richard Hauser’s The Homosexual Society. Anonymous’s autobiographical Street-Walker. Rupert Hart-Davis’s The Letters of Oscar Wilde. Rupert Hart-Davis’s edition of Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis. Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt’s autobiography Tales My Father Taught Me. Anthony Rowley’s autobiography Another Kind of Loving. Michael Davidson’s autobiography, The World, the Flesh and Myself. David Garnett’s autobiography The Familiar Faces. Anthony Burgess’s novel The Wanting Seed. James Baldwin’s novel Another Country. Christopher Isherwood’s novel Down There on a Visit. Iris Murdoch’s novel An Unofficial Rose. David Benedictus’s novel The Fourth of June. Arthur Annesley Ronald Firbank’s stories The New Rhythum and Other Pieces. Dame Edith Sitwell’s poem ‘The Outcasts’. William Inge’s play The Boy in the Basement. Rock Hudson’s film Lover Come Back. Leslie Carron, Brock Peters and Cicely Courtneidge in Brian Forbes’s film adaptation of Lynn Reid Banks’s The L-Shaped Room. Raf Vallone in Sidney Lumet’s film A View from the Bridge. Don Murray in Otto Preminger’s film Advise and Consent. Shirley Maclaine in William Wyler’s film The Children’s Hour.
1963 John Cameron Mitchell, Tom Ford, Graham Norton, Andrew Sullivan and George Michael b. John Cocteau, Francis Poulenc, Lady Una Troubridge, Professor Newton Arvin and Guy Burgess d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Israel. British Sunday Pictorial article ‘How to Spot a Homo’. British Minorities Research Group founded for lesbians by Esme Langley and Diana Chapman. Homophile organizations in New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. form East Coast Homophile Organizations (ECHO). British Quaker Alastair Heron’s pamphlet Towards a Quaker View of Sex: An Essay by a Group of Friends. Howard Becker’s Outsiders. Erving Goffman’s Stigma. Douglas Plummer’s Queer People. Rupert Croft-Cooke’s Bosie: The Story of Lord Alfred Douglas. Roger Lhombreaud’s Arthur Symons: A Critical Biography. Alice B. Toklas’s What Is Remembered: An Autobiography. Julien Green’s autobiography Partir avant le jour. Sir John Gielgud’s memoir Stage Directions. Naomi Jacob’s autobiography Me – and the Swan (1963). Sir Angus Wilson’s autobiographical The Wild Garden. Paul Goodman’s memoir Five Years. Simon Raven’s miscellany Boys Will Be Boys. Charles Wright’s novel The Messenger. John Rechy’s novel City of the Night. Yukio Mishima’s novel The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. Joe Orton’s plays The Ruffian on the Stairs and Entertaining Mr Sloane. Rita Tushingham, Colin Campbell and Dudley Sutton in Sidney J Furie’s film The Leather Boys. Shelley Winters and Lee Grant in Joseph Strick’s film version of Jean Genet’s The Balcony. Andy Warhol’s film Blow Job. Dirk Bogarde and James Fox in Harold Pinter’s film of Robin Maugham’s novel The Servant. Kenneth Anger’s film Scorpio Rising.
1964 Billy Bean and David Drake b. Cole Porter and Naomi Jacob d. San Francisco Society for Individual Rights (SIR) founded by Tavern Guild et al. Council on Religion and the Homosexual founded in San Francisco by Glide Methodist Church et al. President Lyndon Johnson’s aide Walter Wilson Jenkins dismissed after arrest in a toilet. Kenneth Walker succeeded on death as chairman of Homosexual Law Reform Society (HRLS) by C.H. Rolph (Cecil R. Hewitt); Anthony Grey (AEG ‘Edgar’ Wright) becomes its permanent secretary. British North-West Homosexual Reform Committee (NWHRC) founded by Allan Horsfall. HRLS publishes pamphlet Some Questions and Answers about Homosexuality. Life article ‘Homosexuality in America’ 26 June issue. Jess Stearn’s The Grapevine: A Report on the Secret World of the Lesbian. Evelyn Waugh’s autobiography A Little Learning. Christopher Hassall’s letters between himself and Sir Edward Marsh, Ambrosia and Small Beer. Brigadier Michael Calvert’s autobiographical Fighting Mad. Max Beerbohm’s Letters to Reggie Turner. Christopher Isherwood’s novel A Single Man. Julien Green’s autobiography Mille chevins overt. Richard Rumbold’s diary A Message in Code. Simon Raven’s novel The Feathers of Death. Phyllis Grosskurth’s John Addington Symonds: A Biography. Joe Orton’s play The Good and Faithful Servant. Sal Mineo directs Calder Willingham’s play, End As A Man. David Benedictus’s novel The Fourth of June made into a musical comedy. Jean Seberg in Robert Rossen’s film Lilith. John Waters’s film Hag in a Black Leather Jacket. Bryan Magee’s British TV programme on homosexuality.
1965 Augusten Burroughs, Adam Johnson and Ian Roberts b. Jeb Alexander, T.S. Eliot, Clemence Dane and W. Somerset Maugham d. 8th Earl of Arran presents homosexual reform bill in the British House of Lords; it passes. Gay picket in front of Philadelphia Independence Hall. British Minorities Research Group founds lesbian journal Arena Three. British lesbian social group Kenric founded. Del Martin of Daughters of Billitis founds 24 hour hotline in San Francisco. W.H. Auden’s poem ‘The Platonic Blow’. Michael Schofield’s Sociological Aspects of Homosexuality. A.L. Rowse’s autobiography A Cornishman at Oxford. George Melly’s autobiography Owning Up. J.R. Ackerley’s autobiographical My Dog Tulip. Hubert Selby’s novel Last Exit to Brooklyn. Jean Overton Fuller’s novel The Magical Dilemma of Victor Neuburg. Robin Versage and Leland Gardner’s novel Tops, Bottoms and Side Pockets. Donald Windham’s novel Two People. Pier Paolo Pasolini’s novel Il sogno di una casa. John Herbert’s play Fortune and Men’s Eyes. Rock Hudson in film A Very Special Favour. Andy Warhol’s film My Hustler. John Schlesinger’s film Darling. Bryan Magee’s British TV programme on homosexuality.
1966 Wash Westmoreland and Aiden Shaw b. Louis Umfreville Wilkinson (Louis Marlow), Leonard Green, Evelyn Waugh and Montgomery Clift d. British Conservative Party MP Humphrey Berkeley introduces Sexual Offenders Bill in Commons; it fails due to a general election being called. Lord Arran reintroduces bill to the Lords; it passes. Leo Abse introduces it to the Commons. SIR opens first LGBT centre in US. North American Conference of Homophile Organizations (NACHO) and organises US’s first gay motorcade. U.S. stops post office surveillance of gay men’s mail. US film Production Code removed. Australian Methodist church resolves to investigate homosexuality. John Adlard’s Stenbock, Yeats and the Nineties. Beverley Nichols’s A Case of Human Bondage. Robin Maugham’s Somerset and All the Maughams. John Lehmann’s autobiography The Ample Proposition. T.C. Worsley’s autobiography Flannelled Fool. Virgil Thomson’s Virgil Thomson. Julien Green’s autobiography Terre lointaine. Kenneth Marlowe’s The Gay World of Kenneth Marlowe and The Delicate World of Kenneth Marlowe. Ned Rorem’s The Paris Diaries. Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood and novel A Christmas Memory. Simon Raven’s novels The Sabre Squadron and The Rich Pay Late. American Richard Amory’s novel Song of the Loon. Patrick White’s novel The Solid Mandala. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s stories $tud. Christopher Isherwood’s stories Exhumations. Kenneth Searight’s autobiographical poem ‘Paidikion: a Paiderastic Manuscript’ in International Journal of Greek Love. Joe Orton’s play Loot. William Inge’s play Where’s Daddy? Candice Bergman in Lumet’s film The Group.
1967 John Barrowman and Dale Peck b. Siegfried Sassoon, Langston Hughes, Alice B. Toklas, Carson McCullers, Cardinal Francis Spellaman and JR Ackerley d. Kenneth Halliwell murders Joe Orton. 4 July British Sexual Offenders Bill passes and receives Royal assent 27 July, decriminalizing same-sex acts in private for England and Wales. Evelyn Hooker appointed to lead NIMH Task Force on Homosexuality. Gay bookstore opens in New York. Harvey Fierstein comes out. New South Wales Presbyterian church accepts need for decriminalisation of same-sex between consenting adults. One magazine closes. D.J. West’s Homosexuality: Its Nature and Causes. Rupert Croft-Cooke’s Feasting with Panthers. Michael Holroyd’s biography of Lytton Strachey, The Unknown Years. Godfrey Winn’s autobiography The Infirm Glory. Ned Rorem’s The New York Diaries. Sir Henry ‘Chips’ Channon’s diaries published. Ernest Dowson’s The Letters. John Addington Symonds’s Letters ed. H.M. Schueller and R.L. Peters. Graham Greene’s novel May We Borrow Your Husband? Christopher Isherwood’s novel A Meeting by the River. Simon Raven’s novels Fielding Gray and Friends in Low Places. Robin Maugham’s novel The Wrong People. John Rechy’s novel Numbers. Francis King’s novel The Waves behind the Boat. Michael Campbell’s novel Lord Dismiss Us. Samuel Delaney’s story ‘Aye, and Gomorrah…’ Norman Douglas’s Some Limericks. Christopher Hampton’s play When Did You Last See My Mother? Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift in John Huston’s film Reflections in a Golden Eye.
1968 Marc Adams and Craig Seymour b. Harold Nicolson d. Charles R. Jackson commits suicide. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Bulgaria and East Germany. Year of revolution. US North American Conference of Homophile Organisations adopts slogan ‘gay is good’. American Psychiatric Association’s second The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual lists homosexuality as a non-psychotic mental disorder. US National Institute of Mental Health appoints Evelyn Hooker and panel to evaluate scientific evidence re homosexuality. Rev. Troy Perry founds Metropolitan Community Church in California. Dr Martin Hoffman, The Gay World: Male Homosexuality and the Social Creation of Evil. Michael Holroyd’s biography of Lytton Strachey, The Years of Achievement. J.R. Ackerley’s autobiography My Father and Myself. Quentin Crisp’s autobiography, The Naked Civil Servant. Austen Coates’s memoir Myself a Mandarin. Gore Vidal’s novel Myra Breckinridge. Yukio Mishima’s novel Sunday and Steel. His novel Forbidden Colours (Kinchiki) translated. Samuel Steward’s novel Ring-around-the-Rosy. Bryan Magee’s book from his TV programmes, One in Twenty. Robin Maugham’s novel The Second Window. Angus Stewart’s novel Sandel. Adrian James’s novel I, Homosexual. Samuel Delaney’s story ‘Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones’. Mart Crowley’s play The Boys in the Band. Christopher Hampton’s play Total Eclipse. Rod Steiger in film The Sergeant. Film Therese und Isabelle. Andy Warhol’s film Lonesome Cowboys. Sandy Dennis and Anne Heywood in film of D.H. Lawrence’s The Fox. Frank Sinatra in film The Detective. Terence Stamp in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s film Teorema banned in Italy; it is denounced by Pope and Pasolini arrested and charged, but acquitted. Beryl Reid and Susannah York in Robert Aldrich’s film of Lukas Heller’s The Killing of Sister George. Film The Producers. Film Candy.
1969 Rudy Galindo b. Judy Garland, Jack Kerouac, Ivy Compton Burnett, Sir Osbert Sitwell Bt and Harold Nicolson d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Canada and West Germany. Connecticut second US state to decriminalise homosexuality. NIMH publishes final report of Evelyn Hooker’s Task Force on Homosexuality. U.K. Albany Trust sponsors First International Symposium on Gender Identity. U.S. Stonewall riots in June. New York Gay Liberation Front and Gay Activists Alliance founded. US Government National Institute of Mental Health urges states to abolish laws against homosexual acts in private. British North West Human Rights Committee becomes Committee for Homosexual Equality (CHE). Scottish Minorities Group (SMG) founded. Northern Irish Elmwood Association founded. Derek Jarman’s first one-man show at the Lisson Gallery. British gay magazines Timm, Jeremy (published in Carnaby St area) and Spartacus (published in Brighton by John D Stanford). Gerald Hamilton’s autobiography The Way It Was with Me. Thomas Schneebaum’s autobiographical Keep the River on Your Right. Louis Umfreville Wilkinson (Louis Marlow)’s novel The Better End. Paul Bailey’s novel Trespasses. Simon Raven’s novel The Judas Boy. Robin Maugham’s novel The Link. George Frederick Green’s novel The Power of Sergeant Streater. Yukio Mishima’s novel Runaway Horses. Joe Orton’s (1967) play What the Butler Saw. Sal Mineo directs and stars in play Fortune in Men’s Eyes. Richard Burton and Rex Harrison in Stanley Donen’s film Staircase. Lawrence Casey, Kevin Coughlin and Michael Greer in film The Gay Deceivers, picketed by gay activists in San Francisco. John Voigt and Dustin Hoffman in John Schlesinger’s film Midnight Cowboy. Helmut Berger in Luchino Visconti’s film The Damned, based on novel by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Film Venus in Furs.
1970 John Amaechi b. E.M. Forster, Sir William Dobell and Gerald Bernard Francis Hamilton (Patrick Weston) d. Yukio Mishima commits suicide. US NACHO disbands. Christopher St Gay Pride March in New York on anniversary of Stonewall riots (28 June). London’s first gay march in Highbury Fields on 27 November. British Gay Liberation Front (GLF) founded by Aubrey Walter and Bob Mellors. G.L.F.’s first ‘zap’. Northern Irish Elmwood Association collapses. British Homosexual Reform Society becomes the Sexual Law Reform Society. Antony Grey founds British National Federation of Homophile Organisations. Australian Campaign Against Moral Persecution (CAMP Inc) formed. Daughters of Bilitis formed in Melbourne. British magazine Jeremy collapses. H. Montgomery Hyde’s The Other Love. W.H. Auden’s miscellanea A Certain World. Sir Harold Acton’s autobiography More Memoirs of an Aesthete. James Lees-Milne’s autobiography Another Self. Michael Davidson’s memoir Some Boys. John Glassco’s Memoirs of Montparnasse. Godfrey Winn’s autobiography The Positive Hour. Kenneth Marlowe’s memoirs Mr Madam: Confessions of a Male Madam. Aubrey Beardsley’s Letters. Gerard Manley Hopkins’s The Journals and Papers. Francis King’s novel A Domestic Animal. Iris Murdoch’s novel A Fairly Honourable Defeat. Simon Raven’s novel Places where They Sing. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s novels My Brother, the Hustler and San Francisco Hustler. William Friedkin’s film of Matt Crowley’s play The Boys in the Band. Film The Kremlin Letter. Divine in John Waters’s film Multiple Maniacs. Film There Was a Crooked Man. Film MASH. Film Little Big Man. Beryl Reid in film of Joe Orton’s play Entertaining Mr Sloane. Film of L.P. Hartley’s novel The Go-Between. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film El techo de crystal. Pop group Queen founded.
1971 Tash Aw (Aw Ta-Shi) and Aaron Lawrence b. Godfrey Winn d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Austria, Finland and Slovenia. French Front Homosexuel d’Action Revolutionnaire (FHAR) founded. British GLF founds journal Come Together and zaps London pubs and the Festival of Light. Women’s Liberation zaps Miss World contest in London. London School of Economics holds first public gay disco. 28 August GLF march through London. London Counter-Psychiatry Group formed and demonstrates in Harley Street. British G.L.F. women overturn Marxist feminists at Skegness Women’s Liberation Conference. British Committee for Homosexual Equality (CHE) renamed ‘Campaign’. It launches Friend counselling service and magazine Lunch. Spartacus magazine collapses after a court case; moves to Amsterdam to become international gay guide. British psychiatrist Charlotte Wolff’s Love Between Women. Christopher Isherwood’s joint biography Kathleen and Frank. Michael Holroyd’s autobiographical collection Lytton Strachey by Himself. Disgraced British Minister Ian Harvey’s autobiographical To Fall Like Lucifer. Frank Sheffield’s autobiography The Meat Rack. Arthur Bell’s autobiography Dancing the Gay Lib Blues. Merle Miller’s memoir On Being Different: What it Means to be a Homosexual. E.M. Forster’s novel Maurice published. L.P. Hartley’s novel The Harness Room. William Burroughs’s novel The Wild Boys. Joe Orton’s novel Head to Toe. T.C. Worsley’s novel Fellow Travellers. Simon Raven’s novel Sound the Retreat. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s novel When in Rome, Do. Glenda Jackson, Murray Head and Peter Finch in John Schlesinger’s film Sunday Bloody Sunday. Film Fortune and Men’s Eyes. Cockettes in film Tricia’s Wedding. Bobby Kendall in Jim Bidgood’s film Pink Narcissus. Dirk Bogarde in Luchino Visconti’s film of Thomas Mann’s novel Death in Venice. Colin Higgins’s film Harold and Maude. Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s film The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant. Wakefield Poole’s gay erotica film starring Calvin Culver (Casey Donovan) Boys in the Sand. Michael Greer in film Fortune and Men’s Eyes. Ken Russell’s film The Music Lovers.
1972 Tan Twan Eng b. J. Edgar Hoover, Henry de Montherlant, Paul Goodman, Violet Trefusis and L.P. Hartley d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Mexico and Norway. South Australia decriminalises homosexuality. Origin of US Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (P-FLAG) in New York support group founded by Jules and Jeanne Manford. London’s first Gay Pride week in June with march to Hyde Park on 1 July. British Women’s Liberation movement withdraws from London GLF. Collapse of the British GLF. Gay Liberation Society, then the Union for Sexual Freedom in Ireland (USFI) then the Irish Gay Rights Association founded in Belfast. Gay liberation group formed in Sydney. British women’s magazine Arena Three collapses. British magazines Gay News and Sappho founded. London gay Jewish group holds conference. London group Parents Enquiry formed by Rose Robertson. British Medical Association for the first time issues a pamphlet attempting to deal with homosexuality without a moral element. James Morris becomes Jan Morris. Guy Hocquenghem’s Homosexual Desire. British Quakers’ Homosexuality from the Inside. Mark Duberman’s Black Mountain, An Exploration of Community. Heinz Heger’s The Men with the Pink Triangle published in Hamburg. Rev. Troy Perry’s autobiography (with Charles L. Lucas) The Lord is My Shepherd and He Knows I’m Gay. Tennessee Williams’s Memoirs. Lord Robin Maugham’s autobiography Escape from the Shadows. Paul Bowles’s autobiography Without Stopping. Lord David Herbert’s autobiography Second Son. Beverley Nichols’s autobiography Father Figure. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s novel Renegade Hustler. Jack Kerouac’s novel On the Road. Robin Maugham’s novel The Last Encounter and novella Testament: Cairo 1898. Mary Renault’s novel The Persian Boy. E.M. Forster’s stories The Life to Come. J.R. Ackerley’s Micheldever and Other Poems. William Inge’s play The Last Pad. John Shane’s documentary film on the British GLF Come Together. Liza Minelli and Michael York in Bob Fosse’s film Cabaret. Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s film The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant. Film Caged Heat. Film Deliverance. Hal Holbrook in film That Certain Summer. Divine in John Waters’s film Pink Flamingos. Helmut Berger and Trevor Howard in Luchino Visconti’s film Ludwig. James Broughton’s film Dreamwood. David Bowie’s album Starman as Ziggy Stardust; he confirms he’s bisexual in magazine Melody Maker. Lou Read and Velvet Underground’s album Transformer.
1973 Kirk Read b. W.H. Auden, Jane Bowles, William Plomer and Sir Noel Coward d. William Inge commits suicide. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Malta. A.P.A. removes homosexuality from its list of disorders, replacing it with a diagnosis called ‘sexual orientation disturbance’. British National Federation of Homophile Organisations starts to collapse. London Icebreakers telephone community service set up. British Liberal Party includes a gay section. Harvey Milk’s first candidacy for San Francisco Board. E.M. Forster’s Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson. Nigel Nicolson’s Portrait of a Marriage. G.Lowes Dickinson’s Autobiography. Emlyn Williams’s autobiography Emlyn. Andrew Tobias (John Reid)’s autobiography The Best Little Boy in the World. Liberace’s An Autobiography. Edmund White’s novel Forgetting Elena. Iris Murdoch’s novel The Bell. Paul Theroux’s novel Saint Jack. Rita Mae Brown’s novel Rubyfruit Jungle. Lawrence Durrell’s novel The Black Book first appears in England. Samuel Steward’s novel Blow for Blow. Alfred Corn’s poems All Roads at Once. Larry Kramer’s play Sissies’ Scrapbook. Sal Mineo in Frederick Combs’s play The Children’s Mass. Ralph Bakshi in film Heavy Traffic. Film Cleopatra Jones. Film Magnum Force. Film Scarecrow. Christopher Larkin’s flm A Very Natural Thing. Lou Read and Velvet Underground’s album Berlin.
1974 Gok Wan b. Parker Tyler d. James Pope-Hennessy murdered. Scottish Minorities Group hosts first International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh. Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE)’s second annual conference at Malvern unites remains of Gay Liberation Front (GLF) with CHE but its magazine Lunch founders. British August Trust founded for elderly gay men. London Gay Switchboard founded. British TV/TS Conference held in Leeds supported by the Beaumont Society. British Pedophile Action for Liberation (PAL) and Pedophile Information Exchange (PIE) founded. Lige Clarke and Jack Nichols’s memoirs I Have More Fun with You than Anybody. Julien Green’s autobiography Jeunesse. Jan Morris’s autobiographical Conundrum. Ned Rorem’s The Later Diaries. Frederick Rolf (Baron Corvo)’s Venice Letters published. Gore Vidal’s novel Myron. Rupert Croft-Cooke’s novel The Caves of Hercules. Simon Raven’s Bring Forth the Body. novel John Lehmann’s poems The Reader at Night. Film The Tamarind Seed. Film Freebie and the Bean. Film Busting. Divine in John Waters’s film Female Trouble. Film For Pete’s Sake. Helmut Berger in Luchino Visconti’s film Conversation Piece. Lou Read and Velvet Underground’s album Rock ‘n’ Roll Animal.
1975 Thornton Wilder d. Pier Paolo Pasolini murdered. George Moscone elected Mayor of San Francisco with help of gay vote. Technical Sgt. Leonard B. Matlovich the first gay man to appear on the cover of Time magazine. British Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE), Sexual Minority Group (SMG) and Union for Sexual Freedom in Ireland (USFI) launch a sexual reform bill. CHE annual conference at Sheffield. British Labour Party includes Gay Labour Group. Church of England sets up working party to consider gay issues. Jeremy Thorpe involved in ‘Rinkagate’ scandal. U.S. footballer David Kopay comes out. British magazine Gay Left founded. Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modern Memory. Mary Renault’s The Nature of Alexander. The Autobiography of an Englishman – Y. Sjovald Cunyngham-Brown’s autobiography Crowded Hour. Lord Robin Maugham’s autobiography Search for Nirvana. Peter Murray (Peter Murray James)’s auotbiography One Day I’ll Forget My Trousers. George Pluckwell’s Down to the Labour Exchange: An Autobiography by George E. Pluckwell. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Ancestral Voices and Some Country Houses and their Owners. J.R.Ackerley’s The Ackerley Letters ed. N Braybrooke. Francis King’s novel The Needle. Simon Raven’s novel Come Like Shadows. Samuel Delaney’s novel Dhalgren. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s novel The Greek Way. Felice Picano’s novel Smart as the Devil. Sal Mineo in James Kirkwood Jr.’s play P.S Your Cat id Dead. Gay Sweatshop produces plays Mr X and Indiscreet. Ralph Bakshi in film Coonskin. Film Cleopatra Jones and the Casino of Gold. Film The Eiger Sanction. Al Pacino in Sidney Lumet’s film of Frank Pierson’s novel Dog Day Afternoon. Jan Oxenberg’s film A Comedy in Six Unnatural Acts. Curt McDowell’s film Thundercrack. Derek Jarman’s film Sebastiane. Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon and Richard O’Brien in Jim Sharman’s film The Rocky Horror Picture Show. Film Sheila Devine is Dead and Living in New York City. Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s film Fox and His Friends. Pier Paolo Pasolini’s film Salo. John Waters’s film Female Trouble. British TV shows John Hurt in Jack Gold’s biopic The Naked Civil Servant.
1976 Stephen Gately b. Sal Mineo murdered. Colin MacInnes, Benjamin Britten (Lord Britten of Aldeburgh), Edward Burra, Michael Davidson, Tom Driberg, Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery of Alamein and Luchino Visconti d. U.S. Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (P-FLAG) originating group in Los Angeles formed by Adele and Larry Starr. U.S. Presbyterian task force to study homosexuality (till 1977 when its findings rejected by church). British Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE)’s annual conference at Southampton; most women withdraw. British Action for Lesbian Parents group campaigns. British Lesbian Left group starts. Third British National Lesbian Conference in Bristol. British ecumenical Gay Christian Movement founded. Jeremy Thorpe resigns as leader of the British Liberal Party. John J. McNeill’s The Church and the Homosexual. Michel Foucault’s The History of Sexuality: An Introduction (La Volonte de savoir) published in France. Hugh Trevor-Roper’s biography of Sir Edmund Backhouse, A Hidden Life. David Hockney’s autobiography David Hockney by David Hockney. Frankie Howerd’s autobiography, On the Way I Lost It. Peter Coats’s autobiography Of Generals and Gardens. A.L. Rowse’s autobiography A Cornishman Abroad. Liberace’s autobiographical The Things I Love. Eric Hiscock’s autobiographical The Bells of Hell Go Ting-A-Ling-A-Ling. The Diaries of Evelyn Waugh. John Lehmann’s autobiographical novel In the Purely Pagan Sense. Simon Raven’s novel The Survivors. Tom Gunn’s poems Jack Straw’s Castle. Film Ode to Billie Joe. Film Norman, Is That You? Film The Ritz. Film Next Stop, Greenwich Village. Film Car Wash. Joe Gage’s gay erotica film Kansas City Trucking Co. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film Los placeres ocultos. John Schlesinger’s film Marathon Man. BBC serial The Crezz includes gay couple.
1977 Cyril Wong b. Sir Terence Rattigan, George Frederick Green, Anais Nin, T.C. Worsley and John Beresford Fowler d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Croatia and Montenegro. Harvey Milk elected to San Francisco Board at 3rd attempt then murdered by Dan White with San Francisco Mayor Moscone. Miami passes gay protection law and Anita Bryant starts anti-gay campaign; repeal of gay rights ordinances in Dade County, Florida. Controller of British Radio 4 bans radio programme on lesbians So You Think You’ve Got Problems. British magazine Gay News publishes James Kirkup’s poem ‘The Love that Dares to Speak Its Name’ leading to its conviction for blasphemous libel along with Kirkup and editor Denis Lemon. Rev. Malcolm Boyd comes out. Mario Mieli’s Homosexuality and Liberation. C.A. Tripp’s The Homosexual Matrix. A.L. Rowse’s Homosexuals in History. Samuel Steward’s Dear Sammy. John Rechy’s autobiographical documentary The Sexual Outlaw. Jeffrey Weeks’s Coming Out. George Melly’s autobiography Rum, Bum and Concertina. Quentin Crisp’s autobiography The Naked Civil Servant. Christopher Isherwood’s autobiography Christopher and His Kind. Volume One of Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography, A Postilion Struck by Lightning. Arnie Kantrowitz’s autobiography Under the Rainbow. Sir Cliff Richard’s autobiography Which One’s Cliff? James Lees-Milne’s diaries Prophesying Peace. Donald Vining’s A Gay Diary, 1939-1946. John Cheever’s novel The Falconer. Tom Wakefield’s novel Trixie Trsah Star Ascending. Francis King’s novel Danny Hill. Brad Gooch’s poems The Daily News. Harold Norse’s Carnivorous Saint: Gay Poems 1941-1976. Peter Nichols’s play Privates on Parade. Diane Keaton in film Looking for Mr Goodbar. John Waters’s film Desperate Living. Film The Goodbye Girl. Rudolph Nureyev in Ken Russell’s film Valentino. Derek Jarman’s film Jubilee. The Village People formed, directed by Jacques Morali.
1978 Duncan Grant, Oliver Messel and Margaret Mead d. Repeal of gay rights ordinances in Saint Paul, Wichita, and Eugene, Oregon. Briggs initiative, Proposition 6, defeated and San Francisco passes gay rights ordinance. San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein’s anti-porn law passed. Dan White verdict riots. US Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Elders (SAGE) founded. Panel on ‘Gay Science Fiction’ on programme of World Science Fiction Convention in Phoenix, Arizona. Sir Kenneth J. Dover’s Greek Homosexuality. Tom Driberg’s autobiography Ruling Passions. Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography Snakes and Ladders. Beverley Nichols’s autobiography The Unforgiving Minute. Rev. Malcolm Boyd’s autobiographical Take off the Masks. Sir Cecil Beaton’s diaries Self Portrait with Friends. Lewis Hyde, ed., Rat and the Devil: Journal Letters of F.O. Matthiessen and Russell Cheney. Tom Wakefield’s novel Isobel Quirk in Orbit. Edmund White’s novel Nocturnes for the King of Naples. Andrew Holleran’s novel Dancer from the Dance. Larry Kramer’s novel Faggots. Film The Betsy. Film A Different Story. Michael Caine in film California Suite. Film Foul Play. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film El diputado. Gena Rowlands in TV film A Question of Love. TV film Sergeant Matlovich Vs The US Air Force.
1979 Will Young b. Rupert Croft-Cooke, Sir Francis Rose and Sir Norman Hartnell d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Spain. British Jeremy Thorpe ‘Rinkagate’ scandal and trial for alleged attempted murder. March on Washington for Gay Rights. US national federation of Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (P-FLAG) founded. First openly gay bar opens in Chicago. John Valentine’s memoirs Puppies. Sir John Gielgud’s memoir An Actor and His Time. Sidney A. Rogers’s memoir Four Acres and a Donkey ed. Clive Murphy. Donald Vining’s A Gay Diary. John Rechy’s novel Rushes. Felice Picano’s novel The Lure. Manuel Puig’s novel El beso de la mujer arana (The Kiss of the Spider Woman). Renaud Camus’s Tricks. Sir Ian McKellen in Martin Sherman’s play Bent. Edouard Molinaro’s film La cage aux Folles. Derek Jarman’s film The Tempest. Holly Johnson’s first disc, Yankee Rose. The Village People’s ‘Y.M.C.A.’.
1980 Mae West, Roland Barthes, Rose Laure Allatini, Samuel Barber and Sir Cecil Beaton d. Gay sex decriminalised in Scotland. First gay rights case decided by the European Court in case of Jeff Dudgeon of Ulster. Tom Waddell etc form the Gay Games from San Francisco Arts and Athletic. Aaron Fricke denied same-sex partner at school prom and successfully sues school in the U.S. John Boswell’s Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality. Edmund White’s States of Desire. Paul Sieveking edits George Ives’s papers as Man Bites Man: The Scrapbook of an Edwardian Eccentric, George Ives. Tom Wakefield’s autobiography Forties Child. Montague Summers’s autobiography The Galanty Show. George Frederick Green’s memoirs A Skilled Hand. Ray Gosling’s Personal Copy: A Memoir of the Sixties. Christopher Isherwood’s autobiographical My Guru and His Disciple. Donald Vining’s, A Gay Diary: Volume Two, 1946-1954. Evelyn Waugh’s The Letters of Evelyn Waugh. Arthur Henry Hallam, The Letters. Paul Sieveking, Man Bites Man: The Scrapbook of an Edwardian Eccentric, George Ives. Armistead Maupin’s novel Tales of the City. Anthony Burgess’s novel Earthly Powers. Felice Picano’s novel An Asian Minor: The True Story of Ganymede. Michael Rumaker’s novel A Day and a Night at the Baths. Al Pacino in William Friedkin’s film Cruising. The Village People in Nancy Walker’s film Can’t Stop the Music. Elisabeth Ashley and Talia Shire in Gordon Willis’s film Windows. Film American Gigolo. Francis Ellie’s film Kiss Today Goodbye. Eloy de la Igleia’s film Navajeros. Pop group Frankie Goes to Hollywood founded with openly gay members Holly Johnson and Paul Rutherford. APA replaces “sexual orientation disturbance” with “ego dystonic homosexuality” in its diagnostic manual
1981 Field-Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, Viscount Robin Maugham and David Garnett d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Columbia. U.S.’s first case of AIDS. Larry Kramer co-founds Gay Men’s Health Crisis. Tom O’Carroll of the Pedophile Information Ex change (PIE) imprisoned. Martina Navratilova comes out. Major General Frank Richardson’s Mars without Venus. Patrick White’s autobiography, Flaws in the Glass. Quentin Crisp’s autobiography, How to Become a Virgin. Samuel Steward’s Chapters from an Autobiography. Aaron Fricke’s memoirs Reflections of a Rock Lobster: A Story about Growing Up. John Osborne’s autobiography A Better Class of Person. Donald Vining’s A Gay Diary Volume Three: 1954-1967. Robin Maugham’s novel The Deserters. Felice Picano’s novel Late in the Season. Michael Cunningham’s novel A Home at the End of the World. John Waters’s film Polyester. Jeremy Irons and Anthony Andrews in Charles Sturridge’s TV series of Evelyn Waugh’s Brideshead Revisited. Pop group Pet Shop Boys founded.
1982 Djuna Barnes, John Cheever and Rainer Werner Fassbinder d. Terry Higgins the first United Kingdom patient to die of AIDS. Gay sex decriminalised in Northern Ireland. First AIDS case in Australia. Lawrence D. Mass, Larry Kramer, Edmund White, Paul Rapoport, Paul Popham and Nathan Fain co-found Gay Men’s Health Crisis (GMHC). U.S. Parents, Family and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (P-FLAG) first national convention in Los Angeles. 1st Gay Olympics in San Francisco. Pentagon issues strongest anti-gay directive on military service and homosexuality. Alan Bray’s Homosexuality in Renaissance England. Randy Shilts’s biography The Mayor of Castro: the Life and Times of Harvey Milk. Richard Rodriguez’s autobiography Hunger of Memory. Sir Laurence Olivier’s autobiography Confessions of an Actor. Simon Raven’s memoirs Shadows on the Grass. Jim Brogan’s memoirs Jack and Jim: A Personal Journal of the ‘70s. Francis King’s edition of J.R. Ackerley’s diaries My Sister and Myself. Graham Payn and Sheridan Morley’s The Noel Coward Diaries. Siegfried Sassoon’s Diaries ed Rupert Hart-Davis. Peter Quennell edits James Pope-Hennessy’s A Lonely Business. Edmund White’s novel A Boy’s Own Story. Michael Rumaker’s novel My First Satyrnalia. John Cheever’s novella Oh What a Paradise it Seems. Paul T. Rogers’s novel Saul’s Book. Samuel Steward (Phil Andros)’s stories Below the Belt. Thom Gunn’s poems Passages of Joy. Tim Dlugos’s poems Entre Nous. Lionel Johnson’s The Collected Poems, ed. Ian Fletcher. Kenneth Branagh and Rupert Everett in play Another Country. Harvey Fierstein’s play Torch Song Trilogy. Film Deathtrap. John Hurt and Ryan O’Neal in James Burrows’s film Partners. Michael Ontkean, Kate Jackson, Wendy Hiller and Harry Hamlin in Arthur Hiller’s film Making Love. Film Personal Best. Brad Davis in Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s film of Jean Genet’s Querelle. Julie Andrews in Blake Edwards’s film Victor Victoria. Dustin Hoffman in film Tootsie. Pedro Almodovar’s film Labyrinth of Passion. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film El pico. Michael Blakemore’s film of Peter Nichols’ play Privates on Parade.
1983 Tennessee Williams, Beverley Nichols, Mary Renault, Umberto II, King of Italy and Anthony Blunt d. Bobby Griffith’s suicide. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Portugal. Hetrick-Martin Institute founded in New York for homeless gay youth. HIV virus isolated. London Lesbian and Gay Switchboard HIV press conference. Alan Li founds and produces ‘Celebrasians’. Terry Higgins Trust founded in Londona. Peter Tatchell stands very unsuccessfully as labour candidate in bi-election in Bermondsey, London. Gerry Studds the first openly gay member of the US House of Representatives. British magazine Gay News collapses. British magazine Him Monthly turns into Gay Times. John D’Emilio’s Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities; the Making of the Homosexual Minority in the United States. Wilfrid Blunt’s autobiography Married to a Single Life. Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography An Orderly Man. Sir Michael Redgrave’s autobiography In My Mind’s Eye. Richard Rodriguez’s memoir Hunger of Memory: The Education of Richard Rodriguez. Donald Windham’s memoir Lost Friendships. Siegfried Sassoon, Diaries 1915-18 ed. Rupert Hart-Davis. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Caves of Ice. Donald Vining’s A Gay Diary, 1967-1975. Edmund White’s autobiographical novel A Boy’s Own Story. Ned Rorem’s The Paris and New York Diaries and Setting the Tone: Essays and a Diary. E.M. Forster’s Selected Letters: Volume One 1879-1920 ed. Mary Lago and P.N. Furbank. Kenneth Pai Hsien-yung’s novel Crystal Boys (孽子, Nièzǐ, 1983). Andrew Holleran’s novel Nights in Aruba. Tom Wakefield’s novel Mates. William Burroughs’s novel The Place of Dead Roads. Robert Ferro’s novel The Family of Mark Desir. David Price’s novel Alphabet City. J.D. McClatchy’s poems Scenes from Another Life. Harvey Fierstien’s book for the musical La Cage aux Folles. Stephen MacDonald’s play Not about Heroes. Cher in film Silkwood. Tom Courtenay and Albert Finney in Ronald Harwood’s film The Dresser. William Higgins gay porn film Class Reunion. Israeli film Drifting. Pedro Almodovar’s film Dark Habits. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film Colegas. Pop group Bronski Beat founded. Frankie Goes to Hollywood’s album Welcome to the Pleasuredome.
1984 Arthur Bell d. Michel Foucault d of AIDS. Truman Capote and Douglas Coooper d. HIV virus identified. San Francisco’s gay baths closed down. Hank Wilson and Rob Birle found bay Area Network of Gay and Lesbian Educators (BANGLE). Project 10 founded in Los Angeles by Virginia Uribe for gay youth counselling. London bookshop Gay’s the Word raided by HM Customs and Excise for stocking foreign ‘obscene literature’. Terence Higgins Trust organises the first British national conference on AIDS. Michel Foucault’s The Use of Pleasure (L’Usage des plaisirs) and The Care of the Self (Le Souci de soi) published in France. John Addington Symonds’s Memoirs published. Flame’s autobiography A Life on the Game. Arthur Marshall’s autobiography Life’s Rich Pageant. Julien Green’s autobiography Jeunes annees. George Melly’s autobiography Scouse Mouse. Peter de Rome’s autobiography The Erotic World of Peter de Rome. Aaron Copland’s memoir (with V. Perlis) Copland; 1900 through 1942. Syd Metcalfe’s memoir One Speck of Humanity. Peter Nichols’s autobiography Feeling You’re Behind. Pai Hsien-yung’s second edition of novel Nieh-Tzu (Crystal Boys) published in Taipei. Tom Wakefield’s novel Drifters. Samuel M. Steward’s novels Parisian Lives and Murder is Murder is Murder. John Fox’s novel The Boys on the Rock. Michael Cunningham’s novel Golden States. Armistead Maupin’s novels More Tales of the City and Further Tales of the City. Samuel R. Delany’s novel Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand. Felice Picano’s novel House of Cards. Rupert Everett and Colin Firth in film Another Country. Terence Davies’s film trilogy: Child (1976); Madonna and Child (1980); Death and Transfiguration (starring Wilfrid Brambell). Derek Jarman’s films Angelic Conversation and Imagining October. Dutch film The Fourth Man. Matt Sterling’s gay erotica film Like a Horse. Pedro Almodovar’s film What Have I Done to Deserve This? Jimmy Somerville and friends form Bronski Beat and issue ‘Small Town Boy’. Frankie Goes to Hollywood’s album Relax banned by the BBC.
1985 Rock Hudson d of AIDS. Charles Sebree, Sir Michael Redgrave and George Melhuish d. London Lesbian and Gay Centre opens. British Pedophile Information Exchange (PIE) collapses. Brad Davis contracts HIV. Antonio A. feliz founds Church of Jesus Christ of All Latter-day Saints (later the Restoration Church of Jesus Christ). Sir Alec Guinness’s autobiography Blessings in Disguise. Kenneth Williams’s autobiography Just Williams. Peter Burton’s autobiography Parallel Lives. Felice Picano’s autobiography Ambidextrous: the Secret Lives of Children. Martina Navratilova’s autobiography Being Myself. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Midway on the Waves. E.M. Forster’s Selected Letters: Volume Two 1921-1970 ed. Mary Lago and P.N. Furbank. Jeanette Winterson’s autobiographical novel Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. Edward Leeves’s Leaves from a Victorian Diary. William Burroughs’s novel Queer. Tom Wakefield’s novel The Discus Throwers. Martin Booth’s novel Hiroshima Joe. Edmund White’s novel Caracole. Robert Ferro’s novel The Blue Star. Ethan Mordden’s novel I’ve a feeling We’re Not in Kansas Anymore. Tennessee Williams’s Collected Short Stories. Larry Kramer’s play The Normal Heart. Arthur J Bressan’s film Buddies. Film An Early Frost. Daniel Day-Lewis and Gordon Warnecke in Stephen Frear’s film of Hanif Kureishi’s My Beautiful Launderette. John Hurt in film An Englishman Abroad. Tim Streeter in Gus Van Sant’s film Mala Noche. Film Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters. Jimmy Somerville leaves Bronski Beat and with Richard Coles form the Communards.
1986 Christopher Isherwood, Sir Peter Pears, Cary Grant, Merle Miller and Jean Genet d. Roy Cohn d of AIDS. Homosexual acts decriminalised in New Zealand. British Government launches its first AIDS health campaign. Alan Li co-founds Hong Kong 10% Club. Rock Hudson’s (auto) biography Rock Hudson: His Story. Liberace’s autobiographical The Wonderful Private World of Liberace. Wilfrid Blunt’s autobiography Slow on the Feather. Harry Daley’s autobiography This Small Cloud. Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography Backcloth. Jack Robinson’s autobiography Teardrops on My Drum. Franco Zeffirelli’s autobiography Zeffirelli. Boze Hadleigh’s memoir Conversations with My Elders. Barton Mumaw’s memoir (with Jane Sherman) Barton Mumaw, Dancer from Denishawn to Jacob’s Pillow and Beyond. Donald Vining’s essays How Can You Come Out If You’ve Never Been In: Essays on Gay Life and Relationships. David Leavitt’s novel The Lost Language of Cranes. Patrick Gale’s novels The Aerodynamics of Pork and Ease. Armistead Maupin’s novel Baby Cakes. Patrick White’s novel Memoirs of Many in One. Martin Duberman’s essays About Time. Derek Jarman’s film Caravaggio. J.D. McClatchy’s poems Stars Principal. Film As Is. Steve Buscemi in Bill Sherwood’s film Parting Glances. Film Aliens. French gay erotica film Dream Boys. Pedro Almodovar’s film Matador. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film La estanquera de Vallecas. The Pet Shop Boys’ album Please.
1987 Wladziu Valentino Liberace, Dr. Tom Waddell, Michael Bennett (DiFiglia) and a US Congressman Stewart McKinney d of AIDS. Marguerite Yourcenar, John Lehmann, Glenway Wescott, Ian Harvey, Wilfrid Blunt, Danny Kaye, Bruce (Richard) Nugent, Stephen Tennant, Andy Warhol, Emlyn Williams and James Baldwin d. Freddie Mercury, David Feinberg and Derek Jarman diagnosed HIV+. US AIDS March on Washington and Memorial Quilt. Indiana Youth Group founded in Indianapolis by Chris Gonzalez and Jeff Warner. British ACT Up founded. Labour Party candidate in Greenwich bi-election attacked for pro-gay stance. Randy Shilts’s And the Band Played On. Samuel Delany’s autobiography, Hugo award winning The Motion of Light in Water. Kenneth Williams’s autobiography Just Williams. Danny La Rue’s autobiography, From Drags to Riches. Victor Perera’s memoir Rites, a Guatemalan Boyhood. Ned Rorem’s The Nantucket Diary. Patrick Gale’s novel Kansas in August. Tom Wakefield’s novel The Variety Artistes. Christopher Bram’s novel Surprising Myself. Samuel R. Delany’s novel Flight from Neveryon. Jeanette Winterson’s novel Passions. Harvey Fierstein’s play Safe Sex. Alan Li’s play Story of Two Boys. Derek Jarman’s film The Last of England. Antonio Banderas in Pedro Almodovar’s film Law of Desire. Hugh Grant, Rupert Graves and Denholm Elliott in Merchant Ivory’s film of E.M. Forster’s Maurice. Gary Oldman, Alfred Molina, Vanessa Redgrave, Julie Walters, in Stephen Frear’s film Prick Up Your Ears. Todd Haynes’s film Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story. Derek Jarman’s film The Last of England. The Pet Shop Boys’ album Actually. APA removes ego dystonic homosexuality from its diagnostic manual
1988 Divine (Harris Glenn Milstead), Russell Harty, Jared French, Kenneth Williams, and Charles Hawtrey d. Robert Ferro and Technical Sgt. Leonard B. Matlovich d. of AIDS. Larry Kramer and Greg Louganis diagnosed HIV positive. Section 28 of the Local Government Act passed in the United Kingdom preventing ‘promotion’ of homosexuality. 20,000 rally against the Act in Manchester and June London Pride parade attracts 30,000. Terence Higgins Trust, Body Positive and London Lighthouse AIDS Hospice founded. OLGA, Stonewall and OutRage! founded. Larry Kramer founds Act Up. Sir Ian McKellen comes out on BBC radio in response to Clause 28. George Michael incident in public lavatory; he outs himself. Sir Elton John outs himself to magazine Rolling Stone. David Palone forced to resign as baseball umpire then outed in the press. Kenneth Lewes’s The Psychoanalytic Theory of Male Homosexuality. Sidney Zion’s The Autobiography of Roy Cohn. Michael Davidson’s memoir Some Boys. James Kirkup’s autobiography I, of all People. Russell Harty’s travel memoir Mr Harty’s Grand Tour. Samuel R. Delany’s autobiography The Motion of Light in Water. Paul Monette’s memoir Borrowed Time. Sir Cliff Richard’s autobiography Single-Minded. Simon Raven’s memoirs The Old Gang. Jack Robinson’s autobiography Jack and Jamie Go to War. Rev. Chris Glaser’s memoir Uncommon Calling: A Gay Christian’s Struggle to Save the Church. David Kopay’s memoir (with Perry Deane Young) The David Kopay Story. Tobias Schneebaum’s memoir Wild Man; Secret Places; Where the Spirits dwell: An Odyssey in the New Guinea Jungle. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Through Wood and Dale. Anne Lister’s The Secret Diaries of Miss Anne Lister. John Cheever, The Letters of John Cheever. Rayburn S. Moore’s Selected Letters of Henry James to Edmund Gosse 1882-1915: A Literary Friendship. Sir Stephen Spender’s novel The Temple published. Andrew Hollinghurst’s novel The Swimming Pool Library. Patrick Gale’s novel Facing the Tank. Neil Bartlett’s novel Who Was That Man? Christopher Bram’s novel Hold Tight. Edmund White’s novel The Beautiful Room is Empty. Robert Ferro’s novel Second Son. Armistead Maupin’s novel Significant Others. Paul Monette’s poems Love Alone. Larry Kramer’s play Just Say No, a Play about a Farce. Derek Jarman’s film War Requiem. Gary Oldman and Alan Bates in film of J.R. Ackerley’s novel We Think the World of You. Terence Davies’s film Distant Voices, Still Lives. Harvey Feinstein, Anne Bancroft and Matthew Broderick in Paul Bogart’s film adaptation of Harvey Feinstein’s Torch Song Trilogy. Film Love Bites. Philippino film Macho Dancer. Ken Russell’s film Salome’s Last Dance. Film Urinal.
1989 Alvin Ailey, Frederick Prokosch, Arthur Marshall, Sir Laurence Olivier, Virgil Thomson and Daphne du Maurier d. Robert Mapplethorpe, actor Ian Charleston and travel writer Bruce Chatwin d. of AIDS. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Denmark. US Bush administration suppresses part of Paul Gibson report of Task Force on Youth Suicide on gay suicide rates. Hustler Steve Gobie accuses Congressman Barney Frank of being gay. UK Government starts to fund AIDS awareness campaigns. British ACT-Up founded. Rupert Everett comes out. Richard Isay’s Being Homosexual. Larry Kramer’s Reports from the Holocaust. Sir John Gielgud’s autobiography Backward Glances. Bruce Chatwin’s autobiographical What am I Doing Here? Richie McMullen’s autobiography Enchanted Boy. Jan Morris’s memoir Pleasures of a Tangled Life. Felice Picano’s autobiographical The Men Who Loved Me: A Memoir in the Form of a Novel. Simon Raven’s memoirs Bird of Ill Omen. Aaron Copland’s memoir (with V. Perlis) Copland Since 1943. Mickey C. Fleming’s memoir About Courage. Richard Harteis’s memoir Marathon: A Story of Endurance and Friendship. Harold Norse’s Memoirs of a Bastard Angel. Arthur Symons, Selected Letters 1880-1935. Francis King’s novel Punishments. Patrick Gale’s novel Little Bits of Baby. Christopher Bram’s novel In Memory of Angel Clare. David B. Feinberg’s novel Eighty-Sixed. David Leavitt’s novel Equal Affections. Felice Picano’s novel To the Seventh Power. Joanna Troloppe’s novel A Village Affair. Jeanette Winterson’s novel Sexing the Cherry. Daryl Hine’s autobiographical In and Out: A Confessional Poem. British Channel Four programme Out on Tuesday (to 1990). Pedro Almodovar’s film Tie Me Up Tie Me Down. The Pet Shop Boys’ album Behaviour.
1990 Patrick White, Manual Puig, Greta Garbo, Aaron Copland and Leonard Bernstein d. Reinaldo Arenas and Tim Dlugos d. of AIDS. Queer Nation formed in New York. Leroy Aarons, executive editor of the Oakland Tribune, presents study of lesbian and gay journalists to the American Society of Newspaper editors and comes out. He creates US National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association. Ronald Hyam’s Empire and Sexuality. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Epistemology of the Closet. Camille Paglia’s Sexual Personae. David Halperin’s One Hundred Years of Homosexuality. Paul Bailey’s autobiography An Immaculate Mistake. Richie McMullen’s autobiography Enchanted Youth. Lord David Herbert’s memoir Engaging Eccentrics. Paul Monette’s memoir Afterlife. Simon Raven’s autobiography Is There Anybody There? Said the Traveller withdrawn on publication as libellous. Dave Pallone’s memoir (with Alan Steinberg) Behind the Mask: My Double Life in Baseball. Rev. Troy Perry’s Don’t Be Afraid Any More: The Story of the Rev. Troy Perry and the Metropolitan Community Churches. Scott Thorson’s memoir (with Alex Thorleifson) Behind the Candelabra: My Life with Liberace. Glenway Wescott’s Continual Lessons: The Journals of Glenway Wescott 1937-1955 ed. Robert Phelps and Jerry Rosco. Patrick Gale’s novel The Cat Sanctuary. Glenway Wescott’s novel Continual Lessons. Neil Bartlett’s novel Ready to Catch Him Should He Fall. Sumner Locke Elliott’s novel Fairyland. Armistead Maupin’s novel Sure of You. David Leavitt’s stories A Place I’ve Never Been. J.D. McClatchy’s poems The Rest of the Way. Derek Jarman’s film The Garden. Norman Rene’s film Longtime Companion. Anthony Hopkins and Jody Foster in Jonathan Demme’s film of Ted Tally’s Silence of the Lambs. Film Fun Down There. Derek Jarman’s film The Garden. TV film of Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges are not the Only Fruit wins BAFTA.
1991 Brad Davies, Kenny Everett, Jacques Morali and Freddy Mercury (Frederick Bulsara) d of AIDS. Sir Angus Wilson, Gordon Heath, Tom of Finland (Touko Laaksonen) and Sumner Locke Elliott d. Holly Johnson diagnosed with HIV. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Ukraine and Hong Kong. UK Gay Men Fighting AIDS founded. Bill Clinton wins election and promises to end ban on gays in military but fails to do so. Simon Le Vay publishes article claiming neurological substratum for homosexuality in Science. Sir Michael Tippett’s autobiography Those Twentieth Century Blues: An Autobiography. Martin Duberman’s autobiography Cures. James Kirkup’s autobiography A Poet Could Not But Be Gay. Eric Hebborn’s autobiography Drawn to Trouble. Lincoln Kirstein’s memoirs By, With, To & From. John Osborne’s autobiography Almost a Gentleman. Colin Spencer’s memoir Which of Us Two: The Story of a Love Affair. David Wojnarowicz’s Close to the Knives: A Memoir of Disintegration. Derek Jarman’s journals Modern Nature. John Cheever, The Journals of John Cheever. Francis King’s novel The Ant Colony. Pat Barker’s novel Regeneration. Michael Cunningham’s novel A Home at the End of the World. David B. Feinberg’s novel Spontaneous Combustion. Michael Rumaker’s novel Pagan Days. Francis King, Tom Wakefield and Patrick Gale’s novellas Secret Lives. Tony Kushner’s play ‘Perestroika’, Part 2 of Angels in America. Derek Jarman’s film of Christopher Marlowe’s play Edward II. Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix in Gus Van Sant’s film My Own Private Idaho. Tom Kalin’s film Swoon. Christopher Munch’s film The Hours and Times. Todd Haynes’s film Poison. Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis in Ridley Scott’s film Thelma and Louise. Film Fried Green Tomatoes. Joseph Stachura and Tom Wagner in film adaptation of Robert Chesley’s play, Jerker. Pedro Almodovar’s film High Heels. Ilppo Pohjola’s documentary film of Tom of Finland, Daddy and the Muscle Academy. Documentary film Eric Hebborn: Portrait Of A Master Forger.
1992 Anthony Perkins, James Kenneth Melson and Peter Allen d. of AIDS. Francis Bacon, Frankie Howerd and Marlene Dietrich d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Estonia and Latvia. US National Advocacy Coalition on Youth and sexual orientation founded. Massachusetts Governor William Weld establishes state Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth. Established the Massachusetts Safe Schools Programme for Gay and Lesbian Students. Europride held in London. Paul Monette’s autobiography Becoming a Man. Derek Jarman’s autobiographical At Your Own Risk. Lord David Herbert’s memoir Relations & Revelations. Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography Great Meadow. Gordon Heath’s autobiography Deep Are the Roots. Richard Rodriguez’s Days of Obligation. James Kenneth Melson’s autobiography The Golden Boy. Reinaldo Arenas’s autobiography Before Night Falls (Antes que anochezca) published in Spain. Aaaron Fricke and Walter Fricke’s memoir Sudden Strangers: The Story of a Gay Son and His Father. Marvin Liebman’s Coming Out Conservative – An Autobiography. Lorenzo Milam’s memoir The Cripple Liberation Front Marching Band Blues. Darrell Yates Rist’s memoir Heartlands: A Gay Man’s Odyssey across America. Richard Rodriguez’s autobiographical Days of Obligation: Arguments with my Mexican Father. Christopher Bram’s novel Almost History. Rupert Everett’s novel Hello Darling, Are You Working? Neil Bartlett’s novel Ready to Catch Him Should He Fall. Lilian Li Pik-wah’s novel Farewell My Concubine published in Chinese. Johann S. Lee’s novel Peculiar Chris published in Singapore. Tom Wakefield’s collection of stories The Ten Commandments. Paul Goodman’s essay ‘Being Queer’, in Crazy Hope and Finite Experience: Final Essays of Paul Goodman. Thom Gunn’s poems The Man with Night Sweats. Alfred Corn’s poems Autobiographies. Tim Dlugos’s poems Strong Place. Carl Phillips’s poems In the Blood. Larry Kramer’s play The Destiny of Me. Tony Kushner’s play ‘Millenium Approaches’, Part 1 of Angels in America. Derek Jarman’s film Wittgenstein. Terence Davies’s film The Long Day Closes. Greg Araki’s film The Living End. Stephen Rea and Miranda Richardson in Neil Jordan’s film The Crying Game. Paul Verhoeven’s film Basic Instinct. Trisha Todd in Nicole Conn’s film Claire of the Moon. Mark Rappoport’s film Rock Hudson’s Home Movies. David Cronenberg’s film of William Burroughs’s The Naked Lunch. World Health Organization replaces diagnosis of “homosexuality” in the International Classification of Diseases with “ego dystonic sexual orientation”
1993 Rudolph Nureyev and Darrell Yates Rist d. of AIDS. Raymond Burr, Adam Johnson and Rev. Peter Gamble d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Lithuania and Russia. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Norway. Holly Johnson diagnosed HIV +. Howard Brodkey announces he has AIDS. Massachusetts first US state to outlaw discrimination against LGBT youth. Terry Higgins Trust renamed Terrence Higgins Trust. Michelangelo Signorile’s Queer in America. Randy Shilts’s Conduct Unbecoming. Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s Tendencies. Francis King’s autobiography Yesterday Came Suddenly. Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography A Short Walk from Harrods. James Kirkup’s autobiography Me All Over. James Broughton’s Coming Unbuttoned: A Memoir. Derek Jarman’s autobiographical Chroma. Hanns Ebensten’s memoir Volleyball with the Cuna Indians and Other Gay Travel Adventures. Lars Eighner’s memoir Travels with Lizbeth: Three Years on the Road and on the Streets. Rev. Peter Gamble’s autobiography The More We Are Together. Jim Holobaugh’s memoir (with Keith Hale) Torn Allegiances: The Story of a Gay Cadet. Ace Lundun’s The Closets Are Empty, the Dining Room’s Full: An Autobiographical Legacy. James Merrill’s A Different Person: A Memoir. Joseph Steffan’s memoir Honor Bound: A Gay Naval Midshipman Fights to Serve His Country. Kenneth Williams’s The Kenneth Williams Diaries. Jeb Dasham’s diaries, Jeb and Dash: A Diary of Gay Life, 1918-1945 ed. Ina Russell. Donald Vining’s A Gay Diary, 1975-1982. Tom Wakefield’s novel War Paint. Pat Barker’s novel The Eye in the Door. David Leavitt’s novel While England Sleeps. First English translation of Lilian Lee’s novel Farewell to my Concubine. William Bory’s poems Opheus in His Underwear. Derek Jarman’s film Blue. Robbie Williams and Harvey Fiersetin in film Mrs Doubtfire. Tom Hanks and Denzel Washington in Jonathan Demme’s film Philadelphia. Richard Glatzer’s film Grief. John Greyson’s film Zero Patience. Matthew Modine, Lily Tomlin, Richard Gere, Alan Alda and Sir Ian McKellen in Roger Spottiswoode’s film of Randy Shilts’s And the Band Played On. Ang Lee’s film The Wedding Banquet. Film The Boys of Cell Block Q. Jeremy Irons and John Lone in film M Butterfly. Pedro Almodovar’s film Kika. The Pet Shop Boys’ album Very.
1994 Derek Jarman, Denis Lemon, Randy Shilts, John Preston, David Feinberg and John Boswell d of AIDS. John Osborne, Heinz Heger (Josef Kohout), Timothy Conigrave and Sir Harold Acton d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Australia, Belarus, Serbia and South Africa. British House of Commons debates equalising age of consent. US Gay, Lesbian and Straight Teachers Network founded. Alan Li founds Asian Community AIDS Services. Greg Louganis comes out at Gay Games. John Boswell’s Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe. Robb Forman Dew’s The Family Heart: A Memoir of When Our Son Came Out. Jose Zuniga’s autobiography Soldier of the Year. Graham Payn’s autobiography My Life with Noel Coward. Holly Johnson’s autobiography, A Bone in My Flute. Mel White’s autobiography Stranger at the Gate. Ned Rorem’s memoir Knowing When to Stop. Jonathan Crocker’s Jonathan. Dean Goodman’s memoirs Maria Marlene … and Me. Lincoln Kirstein’s Mosaic: Memoirs. Lawrence D. Mass’s autobiography Confessions of a Jewish Wagnerite: Being Gay and Jewish in America. Jose Zuniga’s memoir Soldier of the Year. Paul Reed’s Savage Garden: A Journal. James Lees-Milne’s diaries A Mingled Measure. Kenneth Williams, The Kenneth Williams Letters. Paul Bowles’s Two Years beside the Straits: Tangier Journal 1987-89. The Letters of Paul Bowles. Francis King’s novel The One and Only. Chu T’ien-Wen’s novel Notes of a Desolate Man published in Taiwan. Alan Hollinghurst’s novel The Folding Star. David B. Feinberg’s essays Queer and Loathing: Rants and ravings of a Raging AIDS Clone. Christopher Isherwood and Edward Upward’s stories The Mortmere Stories published. Edmund White’s essays The Burning Library. Paul Monette’s essays Last Watch of the Night. David Sedaris’s essays and stories Barrel Fever. Adam Johnson’s poems The Playground Bell. David Drake’s play The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me. Simon Callow, Hugh Grant in film Four Weddings and a Funeral. Albert Finney in film A Man of No Importance. Linus Roache in Antonia Bird’s film Priest. Wikotor Grodecki’s documentary film Not Angels but Angels. Terence Stamp in Stephan Elliott’s film Priscilla, Queen of the Desert. Mel Chionglo’s film Midnight Dancers banned in the Philippines. Film Go Fish. Film Bar Girls. Johnny Depp in film Ed Wood. Kristen Bjorn’s gay erotica film Paradise Plantation. Dudley Moore and Harvey Fierstein in TV series Daddies’ Girls. Pet Shop Boys Neil Tennant comes out to magazine Attitude.
1995 Sir Stephen Spender, Lord David Herbert, Patricia Highsmith, Bishop Mervyn Stockwood, James Merrill, Fred Urquhart and James Barr d. Paul Monette and Glenn Burke d. of AIDS. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Albania. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Sweden. Ian Roberts comes out in Australia. Andrew Sullivan’s Virtually Normal: An Argument about Homosexuality. John J. McNeil’s Freedom, Glorious Freedom. Leroy Aaron’s documentary Prayers for Bobby. Michael Holroyd’s biography Lytton Strachey. Gore Vidals’ memoir Palimpsest. Derek Jarman’s autobiography Chroma. Boy George’s autobiography Take It Like a Man. Peter Adam’s autobiography Not Drowning but Waving. Alan Helms’s autobiography Young Man from the Provinces. William Burroughs’s autobiography My Education. Glenn Burke’s autobiography with Erik Sherman, Out at Home – The Glenn Burke Story. Clifford Chase’s memoir The Hurry Up Song. Timothy Conigrave’s memoir Holding the Man. Alvin Ailey’s autobiography with A. Peter Bailey, Revelations. Gad Becks’ autobiography An Underground Life (Und Gad ging zu David) published in Germany. Gore Vidal’s autobiography Palimpsest. Seventh and last volume of Sir Dirk Bogarde’s autobiography, Cleared for Take Off. Alvin Ailey’s autobiography Revelations. Richard Blackwell’s autobiography From Rags to Bitches. Ru Paul’s autobiography Let It All Hang Out. Alan Helms’s autobiography Young Man from the Provinces. Scott Peck’s autobiography All American Boy. James Kennedy’s memoir About Face: A Gay Officer’s Account of How He Stopped Prosecuting Gays in the Military and Started Fighting for Their Rights. Greg Louganis’s memoir (with Eric Marcus), Breaking the Surface. Kenneth B. Morgen’s memoir Getting Simon: Two Gay Doctors’ Journey to Fatherhood. Lawrence O’Toole’s memoir Heart’s Longing. George Pitcher’s memoirs The Dogs Who Came to Stay. Michael Sledge’s memoir, Mother and Son. Nijinski’s memoirs Cahiers published in unexpurgated form in Paris. Pierre Seel’s, I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual: A Memoir of Nazi Terror. Rusty Winter’s memoir Aussie Hot, and Other True Homosexual Experiences. Robert Wooley’s memoirs Going Once: A Memoir of Art. John Preston’s autobiographical essays My Life as a Pornographer and Other Indecent Acts. Pat Barker’s novel Regeneration wins the Booker Prize. Pat Barker’s novel The Ghost Road. John Berendt’s novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Patrick Gale’s novel The Facts of Life. Christopher Bram’s novel Father of Frankenstein. Ethan Mordden’s novel How Long Has This Been Going On? Francis King’s novel The One and Only. Michael Cunningham’s novel Flesh and Blood. Witi Ihimaera’s novel Nights in the Gardens of Spain. Patrick Belshaw’s novel A Kind of Private Magic. Edmund White’s stories Skinned Alive. Carl Phillips’s poems Cortege. Todd Verow’s film Frisk. Scott Silver’s film Johns. Bruce La Bruce’s film Hustler White. Hettie MacDonald’s film Beautiful Thing. Wesley Snipes and Patrick Swayze in Beeban Kidron’s film To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything, Julie Newmar. Todd Haynes’s film Safe. Maria Maggenti’s film The Incredibly True Adventures of Two Girls in Love.
1996 Tom Wakefield and Lincoln Kirstein d. Eric Hebborn murdered. Howard Brodkey d. of AIDS. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Macedonia and Rumania. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Iceland. Alan Li founds Coalition Against Homophobia. Andrew Sullivan announces HIV Positive status. Martin Duberman’s autobiography Midlife Queer. Tom Wakefield (with Patrick Gale)’s autobiography The Scarlet Boy. Marc Adams’s autobiography The Preacher’s Son; Boris Davidovich’s Serbian Diaries. Sir Alec Guinness’s diaries My Name Escapes Me. Christopher Isherwood’s Diaries 1939-1960. Marc Adams’s autobiography The Preacher’s Son. Bernard Cooper’s autobiography Truth Serum. Harold Brodkey’s memoir This Wild Darkness: The Story of My Death. Frank A. DeCaro’s A Boy Named Phylis: A Suburban Memoir. Mark Doty’s autobiography Heaven’s Coast. Roger Brown’s memoir Against My Better Judgment. Boris L. Davidovich’s memoirs, Serbian Diaries. Stanley E. Ely’s memoir In Jewish Texas; A Family Memoir. Steve Gunderson’s memoir (with Rob Morris and Bruce Bawer) Of House and Home: The Political and Personal Journey of a Gay Republican Congressman and the Man with Whom He Created a Family. Fenton Johnson’s Geography of the Heart: A Memoir. David Mixner’s autobiography Stranger among Friends. Graham David Smith’s memoir Celebration. Lev Raphael’s memoir, Journeys & Arrivals: On Being Gay and Jewish. Christopher Shyer and Marlene Shyer, Not Like Other Boys – Growing Up Gay: A Mother and Son Look Back. Tom Waddell’s autobiography (with Dick Schaap) Gay Olympian: The Life and Death of Dr. Tom Waddell. Quentin Crisp’s New York journals, Resident Alien. Tennessee Williams’s Tennessee Williams’ Letters to Donald Windham 1940-1965. Paul Gambaccini’s Love Letters. Andrew Holleran’s novel The Beauty of Men. Patricia Duncker’s novel Hallucinating Foucault. Francis King’s novel Ash on an Old Man’s Sleeve. Patrick Gale’s novel Dangerous Pleasures. Neil Bartlett’s novel Mr Clive and Mr Page. Aidan Shaw’s novel Brutal. Tim Dlugos’s poems Powerless: Selected Poems 1975-1990. Neil Hunter and Tom Hunsinger’s film Boyfriends. Wikotor Grodecki’s documentary film Body Without Soul. Robbie Williams in Mike Nichol’s film The Birdcage. Zhang Yuan’s film East Palace West Palace. Ferzan Ozpetek’s film Hamam; the Turkish Bath. John Greyson’s film adaptation of Michel Marc Bouchard’s play, Les Fleurette, Lilies. Film Regular Guys. Film A Tout Vitesse. Gina Gershon and Jennifer Tilly in the Wachowski brothers’ film Bound. Film Everything Relative. The Pet Shop Boy’s album Bilingual.
1997 Allen Ginsberg, James Lees-Milne, A.L. Rowse, Marvin Liebman and William Seward Burroughs d. Gianni Versace murdered. Homosexual acts decriminalised in China and Ecuador. Chris Smith the first openly gay British Cabinet Minister. Barney Frank the second openly gay member of the US House of Representatives. Ellen Degeneres comes out. Tom Ford comes out in The Advocate. Rudy Galindo’s autobiography Icebreaker. Tim Miller’s autobiography Shirts and Skin. Stephen Fry’s autobiography Moab is My Washpot. Mark Doty’s autobiography Heaven’s Coast. Peter Blazey’s Screw Loose: Uncalled for Memoirs. Kenny Fries’s autobiography Body Remember: A Memoir. Scott O’Hara’s Autopornography: Memoirs of Life in the Lust Lane. Stan Persky’s Autobiography of a Tattoo. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Ancient as the Hills. Allen Ginsberg’s Journals: Early Fifties, Early Sixties. John Banville’s novel The Untouchable. Edmund White’s novel The Farewell Symphony. Rufus Gunn’s novel A Friendship of Convenience. Christopher Bram’s novel Gossip. William J. Mann’s novel The Men from the Boys. David Sedaris’s essays and stories Naked and Holidays on Ice. Julia Roberts and Rupert Everett in film My Best Friend’s Wedding. Stephen Fry and Jude Law in Brian Gilbert’s film Wilde. Clive Owen in Sean Mathias’s film adaptation of Martin Sherman’s play Bent. Wikotor Grodecki’s film Mandragora. Kevin Spacey in Clint Eastwood’s film Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. Film Broadway Damage. Film I Think I Do. Kevin Klein in film In & Out. Ellen Degeneres comes out on TV show, Ellen.
1998 Julien Green, Brigadier Michael Calvert, Jerome Robbins, Sir Michael Tippett and Donald Vining d. Matthew Shepard murdered. Justin Fashanu commits suicide. Scott O’Hara d. of AIDS. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Bosnia and Cyprus. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in the Netherlands and Spain. Andrew Sullivan’s Love Undetectable. Andrew Tobias’s autobiography The Best Little Boy in the World Grows Up. Tom Wakefield’s autobiography The Scarlet Boy. Michael Thomas Ford’s autobiography Alec Baldwin Doesn’t Love Me. Gerald, Lord Berners’s autobiography First Childhood. John J. McNeil’s autobiography Both Feet Firmly Planted in Midair: My Spiritual Journey. David Leavitt’s novel While England Sleeps. Francis King’s novel Dead Letters. Patrick Gale’s novel Tree Surgery for Beginners. Alan Hollinghurst’s novel The Spell. Mark Merlis’s novel Pyrrhus. Joe Orton and Kenneth Halliwell’s novel (of 1957) Between Us Girls. Robert Nye’s novel The Late Mr Shakespeare. Mark Sanderson’s novel Audacious Perversion. Simon Callow in film Bedrooms and Hallways. Rupert Everett and Jonathan Rhys Meyers in film B. Monkey. E. Kutlug Ataman’s film Lola and Billidikid. Roger Daltrey in Paul Oremland’s film Like It Is. Simon Shore’s film Get Real. Constantinos Giannaris’s film From the Edge of the City. Film The Trio. Antoine de Caunes in film Man Is a Woman. Ally Sheedy in film High Art. Film Billy’s Hollywood Screen Kiss. Thom Fitzgerald’s film Beefcake. Sir Ian McKellen and Brendan Fraser in Bill Condon’s film Gods and Monsters. Todd Haynes’s film Velvet Goldmine. Will and Grace starts on US TV.
1999 Sir Dirk Bogarde, Paul Berry, Quentin Crisp, Paul Cadmus, Iris Murdoch, Dusty Springfield (Mary O’Brien), Peter Wildeblood, James Broughton and Paul Bowles d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Chile. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in France. Billy Bean comes out. Patrick Gale’s biography Outlines: Armistead Maupin. Mark Almond’s autobiography Tainted Life. Mark Doty’s autobiography Firebird. Daniel Mendelsohn’s autobiography The Elusive Embrace. Jeremy Thorpes’ autobiography In My Own Time. Patrick E. Horrigan’s memoirs Widescreen Dreams: Growing Up Gay at the Movies. Aaron Lawrence’s memoir, Suburban Hustler: Stories of a Hi-Tech Callboy. Deirdre McCloskey’s Crossing: A Memoir. Jaime Manrique’s autobiography Eminent Maricones: Arenas, Lorca, Puig and Me. Walter A. de Milly III’s memoir In My Father’s Arms: A True Story of Incest. Michael Nava’s Unlived Lives: The Memoirs of a Misfit. Richard Tafel’s memoir Party Crasher: A Gay Republican Challenges Politics as Usual. Allan Warren’s memoir Dukes, Queens and Other Stories. Boyer Rickel’s autobiographical Taboo. Sir Alec Guinness’s diaries A Positively Final Appearance. Scott O’Hara’s essays Rarely Pure and Never Simple. Michael Cunningham’s novel The Hours. Joe Orton and Kenneth Halliwell’s novel (of 1954) The Boy Hairdresser and (of 1960) Lord Cucumber. Jake Arnott’s novel The Long Firm. ‘Morgan’s fictionalised autobiograpy More and Harder. Translation of Chu T’ien-Wen’s novel Notes of a Desolate Man. Annie Proulx’s stories Close Range: Brokeback Mountain and Other Stories. Carl Phillips’s poems Pastoral. Bette Bourne stars in Tim Fountain’s play Resident Alien. Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau’s film Drole de Felix. Hilary Swank in Kimberley Peirce’s film Boys Don’t Cry. David Drake’s film The Night Larry Kramer Kissed Me. Film Trick. British TV Channel 4’s production of Russell T Davies’s Queer as Folk. Steven Gately comes out.
21ST CENTURY
2000 Sir Alec Guinness and Sir John Gielgud d. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Belgium. Age of consent in UK equalised. British military ends ban on gays. Paul Bailey’s The Stately Homo. Arthur Laurents’s autobiography Original Story. Ned Rorem’s Lies: A Diary. Lord Montagu of Beaulieu’s autobiography Wheels Within Wheels. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Deep Romantic Chasm. Christopher Isherwood’s The Lost Years: A Memoir 1945-1951. Ned Rorem’s Lies: A Diary. David Wojnarowicz’s In the Shadow of the American Dream: The Diaries of David Wojnarowicz ed. Amy Scholder. Edmund White’s novel The Married Man. Michael Arditti’s novel Easter. Patrick Gale’s novel Rough Music. Augusten Burroughs’s novel Sellevision. Christopher Bram’s novel The Notorious Dr. August. Witi Ihimaera’s novel The Uncle’s Story. Armistead Maupin’s novel The Night Listener. Timothy Mo’s novel Renegade or Halo2. David Sedaris’s essays and stories Me Talk Pretty One Day. Madonna and Rupert Everett in John Schlesinger’s film The Next Best Thing. Film The Broken Hearts Club. Patrick-Ian Polk’s film Punks. Julia Schnabel’s film Before Night Falls. Robert Downey Jr. and Tobey Maguire in film Wonderboys. Dan Futterman in John Shear’s film Urbania. Arye Gross in Thomas Bezucha’s film Big Eden. Documentary film Southern Comfort. Agathe de la Boulaye and Claire Keim in Sande Zeig’s film The Girl. Film Forgive and Forget. Daniel Newman, John Benfield and Mark McGann in film Endgame. Film Kilometer Zero. Russell T Davies’s British TV Queer as Folk (2nd series). Showtime and Temple Street Productions’ US TV Queer as Folk (to 2005). Ted Koppel’s five part ‘Nightline’ TV series on gay life.
2001 Nigel Hawthorne and Simon Raven d. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Germany and Portugal. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in the Netherlands. Robert Spitzer publishes report on possibility of change of sexual orientation. Lothar Machtan’s The Hidden Hitler. Kirk Read’s autobiography How I Learned to Snap: A Small Town Coming-Out and Coming-of-Age Story. Sir Antony Sher’s autobiography Beside Myself. Mark Doty’s autobiography Still Life with Oysters and Lemon. Ricardo J. Brown’s memoir The Evening Crowd at Kirmser’s: A Gay Life in the 1940s . William Storandt’s memoir Outbound: Finding a Man. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Holy Dread. Derek Jarman’s diaries Smiling in Slow Motion. Charles Henri Ford’s Water From A Bucket: A Diary 1948-1957. Jamie O’Neill’s novel At Swim Two Boys. Francis King’s novel Prodigies. Jake Arnott’s novel He Kills Coppers. Film All Over the Guy. Film Under One Roof. Harry Dodge and Silas Howard’s film By Hook or by Crook. Moises Kaufman’s film The Laramie Project. Brian Cox in Michael Cuesta’s film L.I.E. Scott Gurney in Richard Glatzer and Wash Westmoreland’s film The Fluffer. John Cameron Mitchell in his own film Hedwig and the Angry Inch. Dirk Shafer’s film Circuit. Film Trembling Before G-d. Film The Cockettes. Lea Pool’s film adaptation of Susan Swan’s The Wives of Bath. Film Lost and Delirious. Film Benzina. Thai film Iron Ladies. Frances Veber’s film The Closet. Fabrice Cazaneuve’s film You’ll Get Over It. Ferzan Ozpetek’s film La Fate Ignoranti. Cesc Gay’s film Krampack. Rikki Beadle- Blair’s TV programme Metrosexuality.
2002 Charles Henri Ford d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Armenia and Mongolia. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Finland. Tim Miller’s autobiography Body Blows. Augusten Burroughs’s autobiography Running with Scissors. Kevin Bentley’s autobiography Wild Animals I Have Known. Nigel Hawthorne’s autobiography Straight Face. Matthew Parris’s autobiography Chance Witness. Will Young’s autobiography Anything is Possible. Dale Winton’s autobiography Dale: My Story. Tweed Harris’s memoir D’Gay Mates. Fenton Johnson’s memoir Find Me. James Morrison’s memoir Broken Fever: Reflections of a Gay Boyhood. Will Self’s novel Dorian. Tim Miller’s show scripts Body Blows: Six Performances. Steve Guttenberg in film adaptation of James Kirkwood’s P.S. Your Cat is Dead. Roger Moore and Cuba Gooding Jr in film Boat Trip. Film Friends and Family. Whoopi Goldberg, Alan Ball in film Showboy. Everett Lewis’s film Luster. Brad Fraser’s film adaptation of play Poor Superman. Film Leaving Metropolis. Yen Tan’s film Happy Birthday. Julianne Moore and Dennis Quaid in Todd Haynes’s film Far From Heaven. Nicole Kidman, Julianne Moore, Meryl Streep, Ed Harris in Stephen Daldry’s film adaptation of Michael Cunningham’s The Hours. Stewart Halpin and Lenid Rolov’s film When Boys Fly. Sharon Ferranti’s film Make a Wish. Jennifer Westfeldt and Heather Juergensen in film Kissing Jessica Stein. Matthew Leitch in film A.K.A. Christophe Honore’s film Close to Leo. Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau’s film Ma Vie. Ventura Pons’s film adaptation of David Leavitt’s The Page Turner. Film Food of Love. Will Young wins Pop Idol and outs himself.
2003 John Schlesinger d. Homosexual acts decriminalised nationwide in the USA. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Belgium and Canada. Alan Bray’s The Friend. Richard Chamberlain’s autobiography Shattered Love. Craig Chester’s autobiography Why the Long Face? Billy Bean’s autobiography (with Chris Bull), Going the Other Way: Love, Loss and a Major League Education. Michael Klein’s autobiographical The End of Being Known. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Beneath a Waning Moon. Paul Bailey’s autobiographical A Dog’s Life. John Foster’s memoir Take Me to Paris, Johnny. Dale Peck’s ‘memoir cum novel’ What We Lost. Mark Sanderson’s memoir Wrong Rooms. John Waters’s essays Crackpot: The Obsessions of John Waters. Francis King’s novel The Nick of Time. Patrick Gale’s novel A Sweet Obscurity. Jake Arnott’s novel Truecrime. Film 200 Americans. Film Danny in the Sky. Christopher Munch’s film Harry and Max. Macaulay Culkin in film Party Monster. Michael Legge and Alan Leech in film Cowboys and Angels. Film 9 Dead Gay Guys. Thai film Beautiful Boxer. Israeli film Yossi and Jagger. Patrice Chereau’s film Son Frere. Christina Comencini’s film The Best Day of My Life. Eloy de la Iglesia’s film Bulgarian Lovers. US Bravo Cable TV’s Queer Eye for the Straight Guy (Queer Eye) (to 2007). Mike Nichols’s miniseries for HBO made into a film starring Al Pacino, Meryl Streep, Emma Thompson, Michael Gambon, Simon Callow, Tony Kushner’s Angels in America.
2004 Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Luxembourg and New Zealand. James McGreevey resigns as Governor of New Jersey having been outed. Anthony Blond’s autobiography, Jew Made in England. Graham Norton’s autobiography So Me. Peter Moss’s autobiographies Bye Bye Blackbird and Distant Archipelagos. Jack Nichols’s autobiography The Tomcat Chronicles: Erotic Adventures of a Gay Liberation Pioneer. Fenton Johnson’s memoir Keeping Faith: A Skeptic’s Journey. Marc Almond’s autobiographical In Search of the Pleasure Palace. James Lees-Milne’s diaries Ceaseless Turmoil. Harold Nicolson’s Diaries 1907-1963. Andrew Hollinghurt’s novel The Line of Beauty. Alon Hilu’s novel Death of a Monk. David Sedaris’s essays and stories Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim. Charles Karel Bouley’s essays You Can’t Say That. Film Eating Out. Paul Hogan and Michael Caton in Australian film Strange Bedfellows. Rodney Evans’s film Brother to Brother. Film Latter Days. Miles Swain’s film The Trip. Film Andrew and Jeremy Get Married. Oliver Stone’s film Alexander.
2005 Miles Hildyard d. Civil partnerships in the UK. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Spain. Alan Bennett’s autobiography Untold Stories. Ned Sherrin’s The Autobiography. Edmund White’s autobiography My Lives. Julian Clary’s autobiography A Young Man’s Passage. Kevin Bentley’s autobiography Let’s Shut Out the World. Daniel Gawthorp’s memoir The Rice Queen Diaries. Boy George’s memoir Straight. James Lees-Milne’s diaries The Milk of Paradise. Augusten Burroughs’s essays Magical Thinking. Myles Hildyard’s letters It Is Bliss Out Here. Patrick Gale’s novel Friendly Fire. Ethan Mordden’s novel How’s Your Romance? Alfian Sa’at’s play Asian Boys Vol. 2. Maria Maggenti’s film Puccini for Beginners. Film Whole New Thing. Film King and Clown. Marco Kreuzpaintner’s film Summer Storm. Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal in Ang Lee’s film adaptation of Annie Proulx’s Brokeback Mountain. Philip Seymour Hoffman in Bennett Miller’s film Capote. John Baumgartner’s film Hard Pill. Val Kilmer in film Kiss Kiss Bang Bang. Chris Lucas’s film The Dying Gaul. Film Kinky Boots. Film The Producers. Will Young and Judie Dench in film Mrs Henderson Presents. Chris Columbus’s film of the musical Rent. Cillian Murphy in Patrick McCabe’s film Breakfast on Pluto. Felicity Huffman in Duncan Tucker’s film Transamerica. European TV copies of Queer Eye. Sir Elton John’s civil partnership with David Furnish.
2006 Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in the Czech Republic and Slovenia. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in South Africa. Mike Jones forces Ted Haggart’s resignation. Augusten Burroughs’s memoirs Possible Side Effects. Gore Vidal’s memoirs Point to Point Navigation. Jeremy Norman’s autobiography No Make-Up. Michael Barrymore’s autobiography Awight Now. Rupert Everett’s autobiography Red Carpets and Other Banana Skins. Tab Hunter’s autobiography Tab Hunter Confidential. James E. McGreevey’s autobiography The Confession. Peter Moss’s autobiography No Babylon. Bernard Cooper’s The Bill from My Father: A Memoir. Aiden Shaw’s memoir My Undoing: Love in the Thick of Sex, Drugs, Pornography and Prostitution, Sordid Truths: Selling My Innocence For A Taste of Stardom. R.F. Koustas’s autobiographical essays Reflections of an American Idiot. Ned Rorem’s Facing the Night: A Diary. Andrew Holleran’s novel Grief. Peter Moss’s novel River in Search of a Sea. Jake Arnott’s novel Johnny Come Home. Thomas Bistritz’s novel Don’t Piss in My Martini, Please! Colm Toibin’s stories Mothers and Sons. Ng Yi-sheng’s collection of Singapore life stories SQ21 and poems Last Boy. Film Adam and Steve. Film Another Gay Movie. Film The Blossoming of Maximo Oliveros. Olivier Ducastel and Jacques Martineau’s film Cockles and Muscles. Olivier Meyrou’s film Beyond Hatred. Australian Ed Aldridge’s film Tan Lines. Toby Jones, Gwyneth Paltrow, Sigourney Weaver and Sandra Bullock in film Infamous. Film Boy Culture. John Cameron Mitchell’s film Shortbus. Stephen Gately’s civil partnership with Andrew Cowles.
2007 George Melly, William Morris Meredith and Ned Sherrin d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in Nepal. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Columbia and Switzerland. Jodie Foster and John Amaechi come out. Mike Jones (with Sam Gallegos)’s memoir I Had to Say Something. Robert Leleux’s autobiography The Memoirs of a Beautiful Boy. John Amaechhi’s autobiography Man in the Middle. Kenny Fries’s autobiography The History of My Shoes and the Evolution of Darwin’s Theory. Elliot Tiber’s memoir (with Tom Monte), Taking Woodstock: A True Story of a Riot, a Concert and a Life. Francis King’s novel With My Little Eye. Patrick Gale’s novel Notes from an Exhibition. Andre Aciman’s novel Call Me by Your Name. David Leavitt’s novel The Indian Clerk. Armistead Maupin’s novel Michael Tolliver Lives. Tan Twan Eng’s novel The Gift of Rain. Johann S. Lee’s novel To Know Where I’m Coming From published in Singapore. Cyril Wong’s short story The Boy with the Flower that Grew Out of His Ass. Alfian Sa’at’s play of Johann S. Lee’s novel Peculiar Chris, Happy Endings. Adam Sandler and Kevin James in Adam Sandler’s film I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry. Dreya Weber and Addie Yungmee in Ned Farr’s film The Gymnast. Franck Guerin’s film Un jour d’ete. Woody Harrelson in film The Walker.
2008 Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Uruguay. Servicemen allowed to attend Gay Pride in uniform in the UK. Andrew Holleran’s Chronicle of a Plague Revisited. John Rechy’s autobiography About My Life and the Kept Woman. Cliff Richards’s autobiography My Life, My Way. John Barrowman’s autobiography Anything Goes. Paul Edward Murray’s autobiography Life in Paradox. Craig Seymour’s autobiography All I Could Bare. Leslie Jordan’s autobiography My Trip Down the Pink Carpet. Chai Pinit’s autobiographical Bangkok Boy. Gareth Thomas’s memoir (with Delme Parfitt) Alfie: the Gareth Thomas Story. Johann S. Lee’s novel Quiet Time published in Singapore. Mohammed Hanif’s novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes. Nu Nu Yi’s novel Smile as They Bow. David Sedaris’s essays and stories When You Are Engulfed in Flames. Sean Penn in Gus Van Sant’s film Milk. Sunil Pant elected as first out gay MP in Asia in Nepal.
2009 Steven Gately, Danny La Rue, Harold Norse and James Kirkup d. Homosexual acts decriminalised in India. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Ecuador and Hungary. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Norway and Sweden. Johanna Sigurdardottir, Iceland’s prime minister, becomes first openly lesbian world leader. UK leader of opposition, Conservative Party’s David Cameron apologises for Clause 28. Gareth Thomas comes out. Christopher Fowler’s memoir Paperboy. Nicholas Haslam’s memoir Redeeming Features. David Plante’s memoir The Pure Lover. Patrick Gale’s novel The Whole Day Through. Nigel Barley’s novel Island of Demons. William J. Mann’s novel Object of Desire. Jake Arnott’s novel The Devil’s Paintbrush. Ewan McGregor and Jim Carrey in film I Love You Phillip Morris. Sigourney Weaver in US TV Lifetime network’s Prayers for Bobby. Biopic of William Morris Meredith Marathon. Nepali third genders recognized as separate gender category.
2010 Donald Windham d. Legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in Austria. Legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Argentina, Iceland and Portugal. Iceland’s Prime Minister, Johanna Sigurdardottir, marries her girlfriend, Jonina Leosdottir. US SAGE founds a federally financed National Resource Center on LGBT Aging. Stephen Fry’s autobiography The Fry Chronicles. Simon Callow’s autobiography My Life in Pieces. Gok Wan’s autobiography Through Thick and Thin. Christopher Isherwood’s diaries The Sixties. Andy Warhol’s Diaries ed. Pat Hackett. Mark Sanderson’s novel Snow Hill. Marshall Moore’s novel An Ideal for Living. David Price’s novel Chinese Walls. Tony Chun (Tony Ed Lo)’s novel We Are Not on the Same Page. Richard Stevenson’s novel Bangkok Free Fall. Singapore gay anthology GASPP edited by Ng Yi-Sheng etc. David Sedaris’s essays and stories Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk: A Modern Bestiary.l
2011 Arthur Laurents d. Charles Karel Bouley’s essays Shouting at Windmills. The Nepali census counts third genders for the first time in the world.
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